Fig. 4

Mean and standard deviation of head motion by participants estimated using the motion correction step in fMRI preprocessing. The red line and blue shading indicate cases where the custom-made MR-compatible footplate device and custom-made leg cushion were not used during the ankle dorsiflexion and knee extension movements. The time point when the head motion without the footplate device and leg cushion was higher compared to the head motion with the footplate device and leg cushion is marked (^*p < 0.05 corrected using Tukey–Kramer tests)