Fig. 4

The trunk muscle synergies in the non-CLBP and CLBP groups. a Averages of the six synergy cluster centroids (mean ± SE) and the corresponding temporal patterns (the mean is plotted as a line and the SE is shaded around the line) of the non-CLBP group (n = 15). b Averages of the six synergy cluster centroids of the CLBP group (n = 15). Each of the six synergies in the non-CLBP group was matched to a synergy from the CLBP group to acquire the highest scalar product (the values are shown between the pairs). RB Rocking Backward, RF Rocking Forward, CErt Cross Extension Right, Celt Cross Extension Left, CAD Cat and Dog, FB Forward bend, SBrt Side bend right, SBlt Side bend left, BB Backward bend, ROTrt Rotation right, ROTlt Rotation left