From: Associations between upper extremity functioning and kinematics in people with spinal cord injury
Kinematic variables (n = 25) | ARAT | SHFT | ISCI-Hand |
---|---|---|---|
Movement time | |||
Reaching | − 0.41* | − 0.34 | − 0.44* |
Forward transport | − 0.71** | − 0.77** | − 0.71** |
Drinking | − 0.15 | − 0.19 | − 0.11 |
Backward transport | − 0.58** | − 0.63** | − 0.55** |
Returning | − 0.31 | − 0.42* | − 0.36 |
Movement time, total | − 0.70** | − 0.70** | − 0.67** |
Smoothness (number of movement units) | |||
Reaching and forward transport | − 0.89** | − 0.80** | − 0.76** |
Backward transport and returning | − 0.71** | − 0.80** | − 0.61** |
Number of movement units, total | − 0.82** | − 0.84** | − 0.75** |
Movement velocity and strategy | |||
Peak hand velocity (reaching) | 0.02 | 0.05 | − 0.01 |
Time to peak hand velocity (reaching) | − 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
Peak elbow angle velocity (reaching) | − 0.10 | 0.07 | − 0.04 |
Movement pattern | |||
Elbow extension (reaching) | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.15 |
Elbow flexion (drinking) | 0.66** | 0.62** | 0.43* |
Arm abduction (drinking) | − 0.34 | − 0.36 | − 0.48* |
Wrist angle (reaching and forward transport) | − 0.60** | 0.54** | 0.55** |
Interjoint coordination (reaching) | − 0.09 | − 0.20 | − 0.14 |
Trunk displacement | − 0.52** | − 0.50* | − 0.39 |