Table 2 Sensor details

Martinez-Ramirez [45]

MTx XSENS,Xsens Technologies B.V. Enschede, Netherlands

Tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope & magnetometer worn at L 3 combines nine individual MEMS sensors to provide drift-free 3D orientation as well as kinematic data: 3D acceleration, 3D (rate gyro) and 3D magnetometers

A wavelet-based algorithm using Fourier Technique, Wavelet Decomposition, Principal Component Analysis

Theou [24]

ActiTrainer Uni-axial accelerometer worn on waist Records data in 1-min epochs

Polar WearLink HR monitor worn on chest,

Garmin forerunner405 GPS worn on wrist

Biometrics DataLOG P3X8 EMG worn on Vastus Lateralis and Biceps Brachii

Data downloaded or wirelessly transmitted to Custom Software

EMG sampling frequency 1000 Hz

Millor [46]

MTx XSENSXsens Technologies B.V. Enschede, Netherlands

Tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope & magnetometer worn at L3

Sampling frequency 100 Hz, Automated raw data analysis using Matlab (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA., USA)

Galan-Mercant [47, 51]

iPhone4 secured to chest

Tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope & magnetometer

Apple uses a LIS302DL accelerometer in iPhone4

Sampling frequency 32 Hz. Data obtained through the use of an Application xSensor Pro, Crossbow Technology Inc., available from Apple AppStore

Greene [50]

SHIMMER, Dublin, Ireland

Tri-axial accelerometer & gyroscope worn on each shin

Sensor axes aligned with the vertical, medio-lateral and anterior–posterior axes of the body,

Sampling frequency 102.4 Hz, Low-pass filtered with zero-phase 2nd order Butterworth filter, 20 Hz corner frequency. Raw data analysis using Matlab (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA., USA)

Greene [49]

SHIMMER, Dublin, Ireland

Tri-axial accelerometer & gyroscope worn on each shin, lateral aspect of right thigh, Sternum above L5

Inertial sensor Sampling frequency 102.4 Hz, 2nd order Butterworth filter. Pressure sensor 40 Hz. Raw data analysis using Matlab (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA., USA)

Chen [44]

Active Style Pro, HJA350-IT, Omron Healthcare, Co. Ltd, Kyoto, Japan)

Tri-axial accelerometer. Location not specified

Details not provided

Schwenk [38]

LEGSys™, BalanSens™, PAMSys™ Locomotion Evaluation and Gait System, (BioSensics, Cambridge, MA)

Tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer sensors worn on shanks, thighs, and L

Sampling frequency 100 Hz Custom software LEGSys™, BalanSens™,

Martinez-Ramirez [56]

MTx XSENS,Xsens Technologies B.V. Enschede, Netherlands

Tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope & magnetometer worn at L3

Gait features were detected using automatic peak detection and identified using wavelet decomposition (Coif5 level 3)

Toosizadeh [57]

BalanSens ™ BioSensics (LLC, Brookline, Mass., USA)

Triaxial accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer worn at shank and trunk

Sampling frequency 100 Hz Real time quaternions were converted to Eular angles

Toosizadeh [39]

BioSensics LLC

Tri-axial gyroscope worn on Upper Arm near Biceps muscle and wrist

Sampling frequency 100 Hz Further details of sensor-data extraction not provided

Jansen [11]

ActiGraph GT3X + (ActiGraph, Pensacola, Florida) and BT-Q1000XT (QStarz International Co)

Tri-axial accelerometer and GPS receiver worn on waist

ActiLife v5.8.3 Firmware v2.2.0, was used to process accelerometer data

Toosizadeh [53]

BioSensics LLC

Tri-axial gyroscope worn on Upper Arm near Biceps muscle and wrist

Sampling frequency 100 Hz Further details of sensor-data extraction not provided

Millor [58]

MTx Orientation Tracker (WSENS, Xsens Technologies B.V., Enschede, Netherlands)

Tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope & magnetometer worn at LSp3

Sampling frequency 100 Hz. Nine individual MEMS sensors provided kinematic data. Drift-free orientation data was also provided using Kalman filters. Automated data analysis using Matlab (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA., USA)

Parvanneh [40]

PAMSys TM (BioSensics LLC, Watertown, MA, USA),

Tri-axial accelerometer worn at Sternum

Sampling frequency 50 Hz. Custom software / algorithm (PAMWare, BioSensics Cambridge, MA, USA)

Huisingh-Scheetz [35]

ActiWatch Spectrum

Tri-axial piezo-electric accelerometer worn on wrist

Sampling frequency 32 Hz. Data processed using Actiware® software

Lee [52]

LEGSys™(Biosensics LLC, Watertown, MA)

Tri-axial gyroscope worn on wrist and Upper arm

Sampling frequency 100 Hz, Automated raw data analysis using Matlab (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA., USA). An algorithm was developed using zero crossing technique, with no filtering, to automate phenotype extraction

Razjouyan [41]

PAMSys™ (BioSensics LLC, Watertown, MA, USA)

Tri-axial accelerometer worn at sternum

Sampling frequency 50 Hz. The raw data were processed with a band-pass filter at cut-off frequencies of 0.1953 Hz and 12.5 Hz

Castaneda-Gameros [17]

Actigraph GT3X accelerometer (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL) worn on Hip. Programmed to record activity in 60-s epochs

Data were cleaned and scored using ActiLife software V6.2

Jansen [43]

LEGSys™ (BioSensics, Cambridge, Mass., USA)

Tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer worn on shanks, thighs, and L

Algorithm based on accelerometer data with low-pass filtering (as described in author’s earlier publication)

Zhou [54]

LEGSysTM (BioSensics, MA, USA)

Tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer worn on both shins

Quaternion components of ankle rotation were converted to Eular angles. Sampling frequency 100 Hz

Mulasso [42]

ADAMO System (Caretek S.r.l., Turin, Italy)

Tri-axial accelerometer worn on wrist

Embedded step-count algorithm. Sampling frequency 50 Hz

Lepetit [48]

APDM (Opal, Portland, USA)

Tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer worn on chest

Fusion algorithm. Sampling frequency 128 Hz

Yuki [37]

Lifecorder (Suzuken, Aichi, Japan)

Uniaxial accelerometer. Body-location not specified

Data recorded in 4-s epochs. No further information available

Ziller [34]

ActiGraph wGT3x-BT

Tri-axial accelerometer worn at hip

Sampling frequency 100 Hz, 10-s epochs. Data processing using ActiLife Software 6, ActiGraph, LLC

Chen [55]

Active style Pro HJA- 350IT, Omron Healthcare, Kyoto, Japan

Triaxial accelerometer worn at the waist

Data recorded in 60-s epochs. No further detail available

Kikuchi [36]

Active style Pro HJA-750C; Omron Healthcare, Kyoto, Japan

Triaxial accelerometer worn at the hip

Data recorded in 60-s epochs. Analysis using application developed by Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd to read METs data from accelerometer

Apsega [33]

SHIMMER, Dublin, Ireland

Tri-axial accelerometer & gyroscope worn on each thigh, shin and dorsum of foot

Sampling frequency 256 Hz. Butterworth second order low pass filter with an 8 Hz cut-off and an additional least square method 25th order filter with a 10 Hz cut-off for composite foot acceleration data. A gait event detection algorithm was developed