Table 1 Participant characteristics

Age^a

69.7 ± 6.5

(56–87)

58.4 ± 16.5

(33–81)

Education^b

16.3 ± 2.7

(12–24)

15.9 ± 2.0

(14–19)

Sex

29 female

18 male

3 female

4 male

Grip strength^c

29.1 ± 11.1

(9.3–51.7)

29.6 ± 14.4

(11–56)

Grooved Pegboard Test^d

104.6 ± 49.6

(64.6–335.6)

138.7 ± 48.8

(50.2–200.5)

Rey–Osterrieth Delayed Recall

16.1 ± 6.7

(2–31.5)

12.3 ± 8.3

(5–25)

Time post-stroke^e

3.8 ± 2.8

(1.1–9.7)

Upper extremity Fugl-Meyer^f

63 ± 3.5

(58–66)

Action Research Arm Test^g

52.7 ± 6.9

(38–57)

Modified Ashworth Scale^h

0.7 ± 1.1

(0–3)