Functional electrical stimulation cycling exercise after spinal cord injury: a systematic review of health and fitness-related outcomes

Table 4 Summary of intervention characteristics across all studies

Exercise prescription*	Period: 16 (8–26) weeks Frequency: 3 (2–5) times/week Duration: 30 (10–60) min/session Min cycle speed: 35 (10–50) RPM Max cycle speed: 50 (35–60) RPM
Neuromuscular stimulation characteristics*	Pulse width: 300 (200–500) µs Amplitude: 140 (0–180) mA Stimulation frequency: 35 (20–60) Hz
Intervention environment	Research centre: 24 out of 92 studies Clinical centre: 19 out of 92 studies Home-based: 18 out of 92 studies Environment NR: 27 out of 92 studies
Most frequent study locations	USA: 44 out of 92 studies UK: 9 out of 92 studies Australia: 7 out of 92 studies Canada: 6 out of 92 studies Denmark: 5 out of 92 studies The Netherlands: 5 out of 92 studies

Further details on data extraction for each study: https://osf.io/u9mvx/
NR not reported, RPM revolutions per minute
*Period reported as Median (interquartile range). All other values reported as Mode (range). Extreme outliers of these parameters were excluded from this summary, i.e. periods of 37 months, 56 months or 0.4–7 years; frequency of seven times/week; duration of 100 min; max cycle speed of 20 RPM
**4 studies took place in both research and clinical environments

ISSN: 1743-0003