Effect of post-stroke spasticity on voluntary movement of the upper limb

Table 3 Wald Chi-square values for the linear mixed models (LMMs)

Measure	FMA-UE	Target	TSRT	R_m²	R_c²
HD	41.10***	4.52	8.02**	0.49	0.90
Log-BKLD	32.88***	55.02***	5.11*	0.45	0.90
Movement time (s)	14.14***	4.47	2.60	0.28	0.94
Final elbow extension angle (°)	10.14**	101.72***	0.03	0.24	0.88
Mean elbow velocity (°/s)	11.10***	27.80***	11.00***	0.33	0.96
Peak elbow velocity (°/s)	8.03**	5.51	12.53***	0.31	0.96
Number of elbow velocity peaks (#)	10.47***	36.36***	1.45	0.22	0.95

Each row represents a LMM for the measure based on the main effects of FMA-UE, Target, and TSRT, the interaction of TSRT with FMA-UE and the interaction of TSRT with Target, and the random effects due to multiple subjects
HD Hellinger’s distance measure, log-BKLD log bidirectional Kullback–Leibler divergence, FMA-UE Fugl-Meyer assessment scale of the upper extremity, TSRT tonic stretch reflex threshold
Significance levels: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

ISSN: 1743-0003