Fig. 3From: Identifying bidirectional total and non-linear information flow in functional corticomuscular coupling during a dorsiflexion task: a pilot studya TDMI and b TDMIC curves as a function of time lag. c Causal direction identified by TE. The left and right columns correspond to the bidirectional linear and nonlinear dynamical systems, respectively. X-axis indicates delay time with arbitrary unit (a.u.). Red dotted lines are the levels of significance threshold. The data length of all models was set to 1000Back to article page