Evidence of neuroplasticity with robotic hand exoskeleton for post-stroke rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Comparison of clinical-scales, cortical-excitability (in ipsilesional and contralesional-hemisphere) and interhemispheric parameters in Robotic Group with Control Group

Groups	Robotic-therapy group				Control group				Intergroup p-value	Bonferroni correction
Outcomes	Pre-Therapy	Post-Therapy	Difference of mean	Robotic group p-value	Pre-therapy	Post-therapy	Difference of mean	Control group p-value
Outcomes	Mean + Std dev		Difference of mean	Robotic group p-value	Mean + Std dev		Difference of mean	Control group p-value
Clinical scales
MAS	1.75 ± 0.2	1.29 ± 0.3	0.46	0.0009	1.86 ± 0.5	1.59 ± 0.6	0.27	0.12	0.03*	0.19
AROM	15.0⁰ ± 9.7	34.5⁰ ± 14.5⁰	19.58⁰	0.0004	13.6⁰ ± 7.7⁰	20.0⁰ ± 8.0⁰	6.4	0.002	0.02*	0.07
BI	74.1 ± 12.4	89.1 ± 7.9	15	0.0009	69.5 ± 12.9	82.7 ± 14.3	13.18	0.0009	0.82	0.48
BS	3.6 ± 0.7	4.8 ± 0.9	1.16	0.0004	3.72 ± 1	4.4 ± 1.2	0.73	0.015	0.311	0.27
FMU/L	36 ± 7.7	50.2 ± 6.5	14.2	0.0004	37.4 ± 9.1	45.4 ± 9.7	8	0.0009	0.039*	0.04^#
FMW/H	9.7 ± 2.7	16.6 ± 4.3	6.9	0.0004	11.4 ± 2.9	15.1 ± 3.6	3.73	0.0009	0.012*	0.01^#
FMS/E	26.2 ± 5.6	33.5 ± 3.8	7.3	0.0009	26 ± 7.07	29.8 ± 7.08	3.8	0.002	0.13	0.28
∆FM W/H	0.73 ± 0.45				0.33 ± 0.14				0.012*	0.01^#
Cortical-excitability
RMT IL	95.3 ± 7.8	79.58 ± 14.38	15.17	0.0039	89 ± 16.03	85.18 ± 17.9	3.82	0.12	0.027*	0.02^#
MEP A IL	39.4 ± 60.4	94.3 ± 63.2	54.9	0.048	38.1 ± 55.9	38.24 ± 40	0.14	0.312	0.014*	0.04^#
RMT CL	67.33 ± 10.1	65.08 ± 11.12	2.25	0.051	68.09 ± 11.7	66.18 ± 12.57	1.91	0.052	0.87	0.65
MEP A CL	506.33 ± 247	355.3 ± 191.5	151.03	0.23	200.2 ± 77	185.4 ± 268.3	14.8	0.41	0.65	0.37
RMT_asym	1.43 ± 0.21	1.25 ± 0.31	0.18	0.012	1.33 ± 0.32	1.30 ± 0.28	0.03	0.59	0.028*	0.035^#
∆RMT_ipsi	0.16 ± 0.12				0.04 ± 0.09				0.023*	0.017^#
∆RMT _{asym ratio}	0.12 ± 0.14				0.011 ± 0.1				0.028*	0.034^#

*Shows the statistical significance differences (p < 0.05) between RG and CG, ^#Shows the statistical significance with bonferroni correction applied
MAS (max 4) Modified Ashworth Scale, AROM (max 70) Active Range of Motion
BI (max 100) Barthel Index, BS (max 7) Brunstorm Stage
FMU/L (max 66) Fugl-Meyer Upper Limb Scale, FMW/H (max 24) Fugl-Meyer Wrist Hand
FMS/E (max 42) Fugl-Meyer Shoulder Elbow, MEP A( µv) MEP Amplitude, RMT (%)
IL Ipsilesional, CL Contralesional, RMT_asymm = (RMT Ipsilesional / RMT contralesional), ∆RMT_asymm-ratio = (Post RMT_asymm—Pre RMT_asymm)/Pre RMT_asymm = Relative improvement in RMT ratio
∆RMT_ipsi = (Pre RMT _Ipsi–Post RMT _Ipsi)/Pre RMT _Ipsi (RMT decreases in case of improvement) = Relative decrease/improvement in ipsilesional RMT
∆FMW/H = (Post FMW/H–Pre FMW/H)/ Pre FMW/H = Relative improvement in Fugl-Meyer (W/H)

ISSN: 1743-0003