Table 3 Angular kinematic ranges of motion
| Â | Range of motion (degrees) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ND | SP | P1 | P2 | P3 | ||
Trunk Flexion/Extension | Movement 1 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | ↑ 22.8 ± 11.7** | ↑ 9.9 ± 0.7 | ↑ 27.1 ± 2.6 | 6.8 ± 1.1 |
Movement 2 | 3.6 ± 1.0 | ↑ 8.0 ± 2.0** | ↑ 9.9 ± 1.8 | ↑ 8.4 ± 2.0 | 5.1 ± 0.8 | |
Movement 3 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | ↑ 30.4 ± 15.4** | ↑ 12.6 ± 1.6 | ↑ 33.5 ± 4.0 | ↑ 17.6 ± 4.4 | |
Trunk Lateral Bending | Movement 1 | 8.7 ± 2.8 | ↑ 27.9 ± 10.1** | ↑ 23.4 ± 1.2 | ↑ 18.8 ± 1.4 | ↑ 20.8 ± 2.4 |
Movement 2 | 5.6 ± 2.0 | ↑ 10.6 ± 5.1** | ↑ 10.4 ± 2.1 | 9.4 ± 1.3 | 4.3 ± 0.6 | |
Movement 3 | 11.8 ± 2.8 | ↑ 26.6 ± 7.7** | ↑ 32.3 ± 1.4 | ↑ 18.1 ± 2.6 | ↑ 27.0 ± 2.9 | |
Trunk Axial Rotation | Movement 1 | 17.8 ± 2.4 | 20.6 ± 4.4 | 16.4 ± 1.1 | 20.3 ± 5.5 | 15.8 ± 1.1 |
Movement 2 | 15.1 ± 3.0 | 14.6 ± 2.5 | 15.3 ± 1.0 | ↑ 21.1 ± 1.2 | 13.9 ± 1.1 | |
Movement 3 | 25.5 ± 3.0 | ↓ 19.9 ± 3.9** | ↓ 18.2 ± 2.0 | 27.1 ± 2.5 | ↓ 17.5 ± 1.6 | |
Shoulder Flexion/Extension | Movement 1 | 69.3 ± 7.6 | ↓ 49.1 ± 13.8** | ↓ 39.8 ± 3.5 | 58.2 ± 8.2 | ↓ 51.5 ± 4.2 |
Movement 2 | 72.1 ± 9.7 | ↓ 48.9 ± 15.8** | ↓ 45.9 ± 2.9 | ↓ 43.8 ± 1.9 | ↓ 51.2 ± 2.4 | |
Movement 3 | 86.0 ± 9.9 | ↓ 54.1 ± 17.2** | ↓ 45.7 ± 1.5 | ↓ 60.8 ± 5.6 | ↓ 52.9 ± 2.7 | |
Shoulder Abduction/Adduction | Movement 1 | 19.3 ± 6.5 | 22.4 ± 8.8 | 20.7 ± 2.6 | ↑ 39.1 ± 2.3 | 28.8 ± 3.8 |
Movement 2 | 25.6 ± 8.8 | 23.4 ± 12.9 | 21.6 ± 3.7 | 26.8 ± 1.6 | 31.2 ± 2.0 | |
Movement 3 | 28.9 ± 9.1 | 29.4 ± 10.6 | 28.1 ± 3.3 | ↑ 55.6 ± 3.5 | 43.4 ± 2.6 | |
Shoulder Internal/External Rotation | Movement 1 | 44.0 ± 7.9 | 38.5 ± 14.7 | 45.4 ± 5.5 | 37.2 ± 2.9 | 36.4 ± 3.7 |
Movement 2 | 32.6 ± 6.7 | 35.0 ± 12.4 | 23.4 ± 5.4 | 26.4 ± 3.4 | 33.5 ± 2.5 | |
Movement 3 | 54.2 ± 6.8 | 46.7 ± 13.8 | 51.7 ± 3.0 | 42.5 ± 3.3 | 42.0 ± 3.3 | |