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Table 4 Associations of self-reported and functional outcomes with FSST-VR performance

From: Factors associated with dynamic balance in people with Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD): a cross-sectional study using a virtual-reality Four Square Step Test

Self-reported/functional outcomes

Spatiotemporal head kinematic outcomes

Number of peaks low (N)

AP ROM low (m)

AP ROM high (m)

ML ROM high (m)

HR low (bpm)

PPPD

 STAI-trait

− 0.08

− 0.11

− 0.47*

− 0.48*

0.04

 ABC

− 0.18

0.26

0.37

0.53*

− 0.34

 TUG

0.39

− 0.21

− 0.52*

− 0.49*

0.01

 DHI

− 0.03

− 0.29

− 0.31

− 0.51*

0.25

Controls

 STAI-trait

− 0.2

0.34

0.38*

0.32

0.4*

 ABC

0.45**

− 0.29

− 0.4*

− 0.22

− 0.18

 TUG

− 0.50**

0.39*

0.46*

0.53**

0.02

  1. Values in the table are Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and significance. * = p < 0.05, ** = 0 < 0.01.
  2. Low = Simple visual environment; High = pooled Complex and Complex + visual environments; AP ROM = Anteroposterior forward–backward stepping; ML ROM = Mediolateral side-stepping; HR = heart rate; STAI-trait = the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory—trait; ABC = Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale; DHI = Dizziness Handicap Inventory/Hebrew Dizziness Handicap Inventory; TUG = Timed-Up and Go test; TMT-B = Trail making Test part B FSST = Four Square Step Test. Outcomes with no significant relationship with all variables were excluded from the table. These are, for both groups: Movement duration (low and high) and Number of peaks (high)