Fig. 3

Patterns of muscle activation following perturbations while standing. Description of muscle activation patterns arranged by 3-D rectangles representing groups of shoulder abductors (blue), posterior muscles (orange) and anterior muscles (green). Figures show average values (from all participants) of onset latency and duration of activation (“Activation period” axis), and activation magnitude (vertical axis). (Additional file 3: Table S1) shows values of EMG parameters during standing conditions. The overlapping rectangles depict left (L) and right (R) body sides. The letters indicate the shorter and longer onset latency, respectively. *: p-values observed within the main factors characterizing the ANOVA statistical analysis (see text and Additional file 6 for more details)