Table 4 Overview of activities and measures regarding upper extremities as well as the corresponding study populations and study designs

Non-specific hand and arm use

 n/a

Duration/laterality

Parkinson’s disease [40], Rotator cuff syndrome [30], stroke [46, 47, 58, 89, 103, 104]

Case/control [103], classification accuracy [40, 46, 47, 58, 103, 104], clinical validity [40, 89, 103], observational [30]

 n/a

Entropy

Arthritis [105]

Case/control [105]

 n/a

Range of motion

Shoulder

Rotator cuff syndrome [56], stroke [34, 106]

Observational [34, 56, 106]

Elbow

Stroke [34]

Observational [34]

Wrist and finger

Stroke [107]

Observational [107]

Specific hand and arm movements

 Reaching

# and duration of reaching activities

Parkinson’s disease [72], stroke [34, 108,109,110,111]

Classification accuracy [72, 108,109,110,111], observational [34]

Reaching distance

Stroke [58]

Observational [58]

Reaching direction

Parkinson’s disease [72], stroke [58]

Classification accuracy [72], observational [58]

 Lifting sth. to the mouth

Duration

Stroke [57, 108,109,110,111]

Classification accuracy [57, 108,109,110,111]

 Pouring sth. (pro-/supination)

Duration

Stroke [108,109,110,111]

Classification accuracy [108,109,110,111]

Specific hand and arm activities

 Writing and reading

Duration

Parkinson’s disease [42]

Classification accuracy [42]

 Opening a door

Duration

Arthritis [87], stroke [88]

Classification accuracy [87, 88]

 Hair combing

Duration

Stroke [57, 112]

Classification accuracy [57, 112]

 Eating

Duration

Parkinson’s disease [42], stroke [112], miscellaneous [113]

Classification accuracy [42, 112, 113]

 Drinking

Duration

Stroke [112]

Classification accuracy [112]

 Tooth brushing, shirt buttoning, pant lifting, food cutting

Duration

Stroke [57]

Classification accuracy [57]