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Fig. 3 | Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Fig. 3

From: Continuous supplementary tactile feedback can be applied (and then removed) to enhance precision manipulation

Fig. 3

Representative successful trial, where the participant reduced the interdigit distance (dark red solid line) to grasp the object and lifted it (dark grey solid line) above the target line (dark grey dashed line A) without overcoming the breaking threshold (dark red dashed line B). The three phases of the grasp are depicted, together with the relevant events, such as: 1) object contact, 2) object lift-off, 3) object lift above the target line, 4) end of transitional phase, 5) termination of the transient feedback. In the panel below, with an arbitrary scale, a graphical representation of the four feedback modalities corresponding to the trial are reported. Notably, in the DESC modality short-lasting vibrations are delivered at contact and lift-off, in the continuous modality the tactile feedback is proportional to the contact force – as for Equation (1) - and the transient modality is equal to the continuous one except that after the transitional phase the tactile feedback is gradually removed.

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