Timing-dependent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation with mirror therapy on daily function and motor control in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled pilot study

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants

Variables	SEQ (N = 8)	CON (N = 12)	SHAM (N = 8)	Statistic^a	P
Age (year)	60.18 ± 4.84	52.04 ± 8.68	56.45 ± 9.88	2.43	0.11
Gender (Male/Female)	5/3	8/4	8/0	3.78	0.15
Side of lesion (Right/Left)	2/6 [45]	5/7	0/8	4.44	0.11
Onset time (months)	19.63 ± 12.28	21.92 ± 11.83	38.13 ± 36.98	1.75	0.2
Hemorrhagic/Ischemic Stroke	2/6	5/7	1/7	2.07	0.36
FMA	37.50 ± 14.95	36.33 ± 7.91	30.75 ± 9.16	0.95	0.4
MMSE	28.25 ± 1.67	28.83 ± 2.12	27.38 ± 2.56	1.11	0.35
MAS	0.39 ± 0.17	0.50 ± 0.28	0.61 ± 0.24	1.64	0.22

^aStatistic associated with the chi-square test for categorical variables and with the analysis of variance for continuous variables. Note: SEQ Sequential group, CON Concurrent group, SHAM Sham group, FMA Fugl-Meyer assessment scale of upper extremity, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MAS Modified Ashworth Scale. Value is presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD)

ISSN: 1743-0003