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Table 2 Within and between group comparisons of outcome measures

From: Intense and unpredictable perturbations during gait training improve dynamic balance abilities in chronic hemiparetic individuals: a randomized controlled pilot trial

 

Perturb Group (mean (IQR), n = 10)

NonPerturb Group (walking-only training) (mean (IQR), n = 8)

NonPerturb Group (perturbation training) (mean (IQR), n = 7)

Dynamic balance (Mini-BESTest) (/28)

Pre

20.0 (2.8)

16.5 (6.3)

18.5 (4.0)

Post

23.0 (2.5)

17.0 (3.3)

20.0 (3.5)

 Within group comparison pre/post training

Effect Size

.63

.21

.45

P value

.005

.932

.089

 Between group comparison vs Perturb group post training

P value

 

.007

.069

 Within NonPerturb group post training

P value

  

.042

Comfortable over ground speed (10 m walk test, in m/s)

Pre

0.90 (0.31)

0.96 (0.51)

0.83 (0.47)

Post

1.05 (0.50)

0.93 (0.35)

1.05 (0.44)

 Within group comparison pre/post training

Effect Size

.46

.26

.47

P value

.038

.292

.075

 Between group comparison vs Perturb group post training

P value

 

.594

.807

 Within NonPerturb group post training

P value

  

.018

Fast over ground speed (10 m walk test, in m/s))

Pre

1.36 (0.58)

1.25 (0.47)

1.30 (0.54)

Post

1.48 (0.75)

1.26 (0.58)

1.33 (0.45)

 Within group comparison pre/post training

Effect Size

.60

.13

.47

P value

.007

.612

.080

 Between group comparison vs Perturb group post training

P value

 

.424

.626

 Within NonPerturb group post training

P value

  

.141

Paretic knee extensors, maximal strength (Dynamometry, in Nm)

Pre

94.5 (46.6)

113.9 (45.9)

108.0 (26.6)

Post

139.1 (51.4) (n = 7)

123.2 (49.2)

106.3 (40.6)

 Within group comparison pre/post training

Effect Size

.59

.07

.32

P value

.028

.779

.237

 Between group comparison vs Perturb group post training

P value

 

.643

.482

 Within NonPerturb group post training

P value

  

.612

Non-paretic knee extensors, maximal strength (Dynamometry, in Nm)

Pre

157.7 (64.8)

148.7 (39.2)

150.7 (19.4)

Post

183.0 (52.0) (n = 7)

138.5 (52.3)

162.5 (37.7)

 Within group comparison pre-post training

Effect Size

.58

.17

.27

P value

.028

.484

.310

 Between group comparison vs Perturb group post training

P value

 

.247

.848

 Within NonPerturb group post training

P value

  

.735

Balance confidence (ABC, /100)

Pre

75.9 (31.3)

65.9 (17.5)

66.6 (19.4)

Post

76.6 (35.4)

75.2 (22.5)

76.9 (10.3)

 Within group comparison pre/−post training

Effect Size

.52

.46

.54

P value

.021

.063

.042

 Between group comparison vs Perturb group post training

P value

 

.657

.922

 Within NonPerturb group post training

P value

  

.043

Reintegration to normal living index (RNLI, /22)

Pre

2.5 (4.0)

2.0 (1.3)

1.0 (1.5)

Post

2.0 (2.5) (n = 9)

1.5 (2.8)

0.0 (1.5)

 Within group comparison pre/post training

Effect Size

.46

.00

.46

P value

.040

.100

.083

 Between group comparison vs Perturb group post training

P value

 

.588

.403

 Within NonPerturb group post training

P value

  

.066

  1. IQR Interquartile range