Upper limb kinematics during the first year after stroke: the stroke arm longitudinal study at the University of Gothenburg (SALGOT)

Table 3 Results from the linear mixed models analysis showing longitudinal development of arm kinematics over the first year after stroke

	Movement time (S)		Movement units (n)		Peak hand velocity (cm/s)		Time to peak velocity (%)		Peak elbow angular velocity (°/s)		Arm abduction (°)		Trunk displacement (mm)
	β	p-value	β	p-value	β	p-value	β	p-value	β	p-value	β	p-value	β	p-value
(Intercept)	98.5	0.000	86.6	0.000	94.4	0.000	96.7	0.000	90.7	0.000	90.8	0.000	90.8	0.000
Time since stroke
12 months	−2.1	0.950	−4.6	0.614	0.1	1.000	−4.8	0.524	−3.4	0.756	−1.4	1.000	−6.1	0.830
6 months	(*)		(*)		(*)		−5.7	0.337	(*)		(*)		(*)
3 months	−2.0	0.955	−0.1	1.000	0.0	1.000	(*)		−5.6	0.259	−6.0	0.569	−13.1	0.127
4 weeks	−11.6	0.000	−12.3	0.004	−9.7	0.000	−2.2	0.969	−14.5	0.000	−3.1	0.969	−16.5	0.041
2 weeks	−18.0	0.000	−17.5	0.000	−12.4	0.000	−5.4	0.448	−21.1	0.000	−10.9	0.094	−28.6	0.000
3 days	−35.5	0.000	−39.1	0.000	−20.4	0.000	−12.0	0.015	−23.5	0.000	−6.9	0.641	−35.4	0.000

The time point for best performance was used as reference and is marked with (*); the kinematic values were inserted into the model as percentages of the median value in the healthy control group
The β-coefficients represent the difference from the best time point under the assumption that missing values are missing at random
P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons with a simultaneous interference procedure
A p-value below 0.05 indicates a significant difference from the reference timepoint

ISSN: 1743-0003