| baseline | During exercisesa | Post exercises |
---|
M | SD | M | SD | Difference with baseline | M | SD | Difference with baseline |
---|
M | 95%CI | M | 95%CI |
---|
Control | 4.86 | 1.37 | 5.40 | 1.74 | −0.55 | − 0.05 to −1.04 | 5.35 | 1.74 | − 0.50 | − 0.04 to − 0.96 |
VR | 4.79 | 1.61 | 3.12 | 2.45 | 1.67 | 1.08 to 2.25 | 3.95 | 2.41 | 0.83 | 0.31 to 1.36 |
- Differences with baseline were calculated as: baseline pain intensity - pain intensity during/post exercises. A positive value thus indicates a decrease in pain intensity during/post exercises relative to baseline. 95%CI = 95% confidence interval, M = mean, SD = standard deviation, VR = virtual reality.
- a Primary study outcome: Isolated between-groups comparison (VR vs Control) for the pain difference during, using an unpaired t-test: p < 0.0001, t82 = 5.83, between groups difference = 2.21 (95% CI = 1.47 to 2.96)