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Table 3 Incidence of upper limb variable abnormalities (for the affected upper limb with AR)

From: The nature and extent of upper limb associated reactions during walking in people with acquired brain injury

Variable

Decreased n (%)

Normal n (%)

Increased n (%)

Shoulder Flexion Mean

18 (43)

18 (43)

6 (14)

Shoulder Flexion SD

9 (21)

33 (79)

0 (0)

Shoulder Flexion Peak

17 (41)

24 (57)

1 (2)

Shoulder Extension Peak

9 (21)

20 (48)

13 (31)

Shoulder Flexion ROM

6 (14)

36 (86)

0 (0)

Shoulder Abduction Mean

0 (0)

11 (26)

31 (74)

Shoulder Abduction SD

1 (2)

28 (67)

13 (31)

Shoulder Abduction Peak

0 (0)

10 (24)

32 (76)

Shoulder Adduction Peak

26 (62)

16 (38)

0 (0)

Shoulder Abduction ROM

1 (2)

26 (62)

15 (36)

Shoulder Rotation Mean

4 (10)

30 (71)

8 (19)

Shoulder Rotation SD

0 (0)

41 (98)

1 (2)

Shoulder Internal Rotation Peak

4 (10)

29 (69)

9 (21)

Shoulder External Rotation Peak

8 (19)

30 (71)

4 (10)

Shoulder Rotation ROM

0 (0)

39 (93)

3 (7)

Elbow Flexion Mean

0 (0)

4 (10)

38 (91)

Elbow Flexion SD

20 (48)

22 (52)

0 (0)

Elbow Flexion Peak

0 (0)

14 (33)

28 (67)

Elbow Extension Peak

38 (91)

4 (10)

0 (0)

Elbow Flexion ROM

17 (41)

25 (60)

0 (0)

Forearm Rotation Mean

5 (12)

29 (69)

8 (19)

Forearm Rotation SD

1 (2)

27 (64)

14 (33)

Forearm Pronation Peak

5 (12)

27 (64)

10 (24)

Forearm Supination Peak

7 (17)

25 (60)

10 (24)

Forearm Rotation ROM

1 (2)

22 (52)

19 (45)

Wrist Flexion Mean

5 (12)

32 (76)

5 (12)

Wrist Flexion SD

2 (5)

35 (83)

5 (12)

Wrist Flexion Peak

5 (12)

33 (79)

4 (10)

Wrist Extension Peak

3 (7)

34 (81)

5 (12)

Wrist Flexion ROM

2 (5)

32 (76)

8 (19)

  1. SD standard deviation, Max maximum, Min minimum, ROM range of motion
  2. The bold variables highlight where the majority of the ABI cohort were classified