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Table 3 Comparison of the proposed instrument with the Warner amplifier and the bioamplifier included in Powerlab 26 T

From: A high-performance 8 nV/√Hz 8-channel wearable and wireless system for real-time monitoring of bioelectrical signals

Parameters

Warner amplifier

Bioamp in Powerlab 26 T

This work

Number of channels

1

2

5 (+ 3)

Type of biosignals

EEG, ECG, extracellular spikes

ECG, EMG, EEG

ExG, ECoG, LFP, ERNA, body position and movement, PV ectopic activity (+ amperometric/potentiometric)

Supply of the ADC

±10 V

±2.5 V

Voltage gain

40–80 dB

54–100 dB

60 dB

Input voltage range

±1 mV to ±100 mV

±100 μV to ±20 mV

±2.3 mV

Maximum available bandwidth

DC to 10 kHz

Full bandwidth

0.5–500 Hz

Input impedance

1000 GΩ

100 MΩ

200 GΩ

Input referred noise

1.52 μV rms

(1 Hz-10 kHz)

<  1 μV rms

(0.5–2 kHz)

0.169 μV rms

(0.5–500 Hz)

DC tolerance

±3 V

±300 mV

±85 mV

CMRR

100 dB

110 dB

134 dB

Maximum resolution of the ADC

Purely analog output

16 bits

24 bits

Maximum sampling frequency

Purely analog output

100 kSPS

1 kSPS (32 kSPS for wired)

Hours of continuous operation

200 (4 batteries 9 V)

Mains powered

8 (1 Ah lithium battery)

Wireless capability

No

No

Yes (Zigbee)

Area (length × width)

350 cm2

500 cm2

44 cm2 (PCB area)