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Table 2 Parameter scores, Z scores, Task scores, and the proportion of participants from each group failing each parameter. A ‘fail’ is identified as a score falling outside of the 95% Confidence Interval of healthy controls

From: Movement kinematics and proprioception in post-stroke spasticity: assessment using the Kinarm robotic exoskeleton

 

Parameter data (median, range)

Z-score (median) & Task score (mean)

Proportion failed (%)

Parameter

No Spasticity

Spasticity

No Spasticity

Spasticity

No Spasticity

Spasticity

VGR

 Posture Speed (m/s)

0.005 (0.003–0.018)

0.005 (0.001–0.026)

0.53

0.82

29

32

 Initial Direction Angle (rad)

0.069 (0.037–0.211)

0.07 (0.033–1.20)

1.77

1.93

62

65

 Speed Maxima Count

2.56 (1.65–4.46)

2.83 (1.97–11)

0.58

1.16

32

41

 Movement time (s)

1.11 (0.70–1.72)

1.27 (0.96–4.20)

0.59

1.32

24

44

 Path Length Ratio

1.22 (1.06–1.74)

1.22 (1.06–2.92)

1.70

1.5

53

47

 Max Speed (m/s)

0.24 (0.14–0.32)

0.21 (0.13–0.33)

−0.09

− 0.61

3

21

 VGR-affected Task Score

–

–

2.09

3.07

50

76

 VGR-less affected Task Score

–

–

0.91

1.30

18

24

APM

 Variability XY (m)

0.036 (0.023–0.13)

0.041 (0.021–0.11)

0.09

0.93

29

38

 Shift XY (m)

0.053 (0.007–0.172)

0.058 (0.007–0.15)

0.50

0.71

9

15

 Con/Exp XY

0.67 (0.047–1.25)

0.841 (0.036–1.40)

−0.72

−0.37

18

29

 APM Task Score

–

–

1.49

1.78

24

41