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Table 3 (1) The effect of DRT on KINARM parameters and (2) correlating the effects of DRT between UPDRS scores and KINARM tasks

From: Integrated robotics platform with haptic control differentiates subjects with Parkinson’s disease from controls and quantifies the motor effects of levodopa

UPDRS

KINARM Task

Parameter

Effect of DRT on KINARM parameter (n = 20)

correlation with DRT changes in UPDRS; co-efficient (P) (n = 26)a

Bradykinesia

Object hit task

Mean hand speed

n.s. (paired t-test, t = − 1.667, P = 0.112)

− 0.443 (P < 0.05)

Total hits

median 163 to 179 (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Z = 2.278, P < 0.05)

−0.162 (P = 0.42)

Object hit and avoid task

Mean hand speed

increased by 28% (paired t-test, t = − 2.130, P < 0.05)

−0.609 (P < 0.001)

Total hits

mean 97 to 106 (paired t-test, t = − 2.806, P < 0.05)

−0.519 (P < 0.01)

Distractor hits

17 to 26 (paired t-test, t = − 3.869, P = < 0.001)

−0.629 (P < 0.001)

Rigidity

Passive stretch task

End total torques

n.s. (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Z = 0.241, P = 0.83)

0.043 (P = 0.84)

Postural stability

Unloading task

Maximum displacement

11% greater (paired t-test, t = − 2.377, P < 0.05)

−0.17 (P = 0.41)

  1. aSpearman Rank Order Correlation, n.s. not significant