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Table 3 Neurophysiological motor responses for upper and lower limb (ADM: abductor digiti minimi muscle; AH: abductor hallux muscle; CMCT: central motor conduction time; CSP: cortical silent period; MEP: motor evoked potential; PMCT: peripheral motor conduction time; SEP: somatosensory evoked potential)

From: Cervical trans-spinal direct current stimulation: a modelling-experimental approach

Neurophysiological parameters

Mean ± STD

repeated-measures ANOVA results

Sham

Anodal

Cathodal

F

df

df error

p value

upper limb MEP (ADM)

Amplitude (μV)

1.0 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.8

1.0 ± 0.3

1.303

2

18

0.296

Area (mA)

1.6 ± 1.4

2.1 ± 1.4

1.5 ± 0.6

1.324

2

18

0.291

Latency (ms)

21.1 ± 0.6

21.1 ± 1.0

20.2 ± 1.0

3.139

2

18

0.007a

lower limb MEP (AH)

Amplitude (μV)

1.4 ± 0.9

1.4 ± 0.7

1.4 ± 0.8

0.009

2

18

0.991

Area (mA)

2.5 ± 2.1

2.5 ± 1.5

2.4 ± 1.7

0.025

2

18

0.976

Latency (ms)

37.5 ± 2.2

38.2 ± 2.3

37.6 ± 2.1

1.184

2

18

0.329

CSP

Duration (ms)

143 ± 43

142 ± 49

147 ± 36

0.184

2

18

0.834

M-wave

Amplitude (mV)

4.5 ± 1.7

4.7 ± 2.2

3.8 ± 1.7

1.998

2

8

0.198

(median)

Latency (ms)

3.1 ± 0.2

3.1 ± 0.4

3.2 ± 0.3

0.201

2

8

0.822

H-reflex (median)

Hmax (mV)

0.3 ± 0.2

0.3 ± 0.2

0.5 ± 0.6

1.104

2

8

0.377

Min Lat (ms)

21.2 ± 1.6

21.0 ± 2.1

22.3 ± 2.6

1.284

2

8

0.328

H:M

0.08 ± 0.05

0.06 ± 0.03

0.12 ± 0.10

1.601

2

8

0.260

Threshold (mA)

3.4 ± 1.4

3.8 ± 1.1

3.5 ± 1.3

0.582

2

8

0.581

M-wave

Amplitude (mV)

16.4 ± 3.3

16.1 ± 3.6

16.0 ± 3.3

0.562

2

8

0.591

(ulnar)

Latency (ms)

2.3 ± 0.1

2.2 ± 0.2

2.4 ± 0.3

4.072

2

8

0.060

F-wave (ulnar)

Amplitude (μV)

206 ± 163

203 ± 155

214 ± 145

0.310

2

8

0.742

Area (μA)

903 ± 838

794 ± 761

890 ± 683

0.924

2

8

0.436

Min Lat (ms)

25.1 ± 1.8

25.1 ± 1.7

25.4 ± 2.3

0.454

2

8

0.651

Mean Lat (ms)

26.8 ± 1.8

27.2 ± 1.9

27.6 ± 1.6

1.530

2

8

0.274

Max Lat (ms)

29.0 ± 1.9

29.1 ± 2.0

29.8 ± 2.3

1.046

2

8

0.395

Chronodispersionc

3.9 ± 1.4

4.0 ± 1.3

4.4 ± 1.7

0.508b

1.041

4.164

0.521

Persistence

18 ± 2

16 ± 5

18 ± 3

2.344

2

8

0.158

PMCTd

Duration (ms)

13.2 ± 0.9

13.2 ± 0.9

13.4 ± 1.1

1.106

2

8

0.377

CMCTe

Duration (ms)

7.8 ± 0.5

7.9 ± 0.8

6.9 ± 0.7

7.422

2

8

0.015a

Min Duration (ms)

7.1 ± 0.7

6.7 ± 0.9

6.3 ± 1.0

2.610

2

8

0.134

  1. a Statistically significant differences within subjects (p < 0.05)
  2. b Greenhouse-Geisser correction
  3. cChronodispersion (ms) = maximum latency – minimum latency
  4. dPMCT = 0.5 x (M-wave mean latency + F-wave minimum latency - 1)
  5. eCMCT = 0.5 x (MEP mean latency – PMCT); CMCT minimum = 0.5 x (MEP minimum latency – PMCT)
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Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

ISSN: 1743-0003

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