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Table 3 Pain intensity before and after NF: median, (quartile 1, quartile 3). The statistically significant level p = 0.05 (Mann Whitney U test)

From: Home used, patient self-managed, brain-computer interface for the management of central neuropathic pain post spinal cord injury: usability study

No.

Pain Intensity

Change in Pain Intensity (%)

p-value

PreNFB (VNS) mean ± STD (median)

PostNFB (VNS) mean ± STD (median)

P1a

8.7 ± 1.2 (9)

6.0 ± 1.0 (6)

−31%c

0.007

P2ab

8.5 ± 0.7 (8)

5.5 ± 0.7 (5.5)

−35%c

0.001

P3

8.7 ± 0.6 (9)

5.3 ± 0.6 (5.5)

− 38%c

0.002

P4ab

3.0 ± 0.5 (3)

2.4 ± 0.5 (2.5)

−18%

0.5e−5

P5a

5.1 ± 0.6 (5)

4.5 ± 0.6 (4.5)

−10%

0.5e−6

P6

–

–

–

–

P7a

4.5 ± 0.9 (4.5)

3.5 ± 0.9 (3.5)

−22%

0.001

P8

–

–

–

–

P9

–

–

–

–

P10a

9.0 ± 0.7 (8)

5.5 ± 1.8 (5.5)

−38%c

0.04

P11

4.0 ± 1.0 (4)

3.3 ± 0.6 (3)

−15%

0.08

P12

7.25 ± 0.5 (7)

4.3 ± 0.5 (4)

−34%c

0.002

P13

–

–

–

–

P14

5.3 ± 1.0 (5)

3.7 ± 0.8 (4)

−28%

0.003

P15

–

–

–

–

P16a

2.8 ± 0.5 (3)

0.7 ± 0.6 (1)

75%c

0.5e−5

P17a

5.4 ± 1.0 (6)

2.9 ± 1.3 (3)

−46%c

0.5e−11

P18a

5.3 ± 2.1 (5)

4.7 ± 2.3 (4)

−15%

0.09

P19

5.8 ± 1.7 (5)

2.3 ± 1.7 (2.5)

−65%c

0.0006

P20

7.3 ± 0.6 (7.5)

6.7 ± 0.6 (6.5)

−9%

0.09

  1. VNS Visual Numerical Scale (VNS, 0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain imaginable), PreNFB before daily NFB session, PostNFB after daily NFB session.; a completed final assessment; b took part in [21]; c clinically significant reduction of pain, larger than 30%