Bimanual coordination deficits in hands following stroke and their relationship with motor and functional performance

Lai, Chien-Hung; Sung, Wen-Hsu; Chiang, Shang-Lin; Lu, Liang-Hsuan; Lin, Chia-Huei; Tung, Yi-Chun; Lin, Chueh-Ho

doi:10.1186/s12984-019-0570-4

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Table 2 Alternating time and force applied for bimanual grip force coordination tasks according to three targets of application of grip force of two hands among the healthy and stroke groups

From: Bimanual coordination deficits in hands following stroke and their relationship with motor and functional performance

Target force level	Condition	Outcome	Healthy group (n = 16)				Stroke group (n = 22)				Between groups
Target force level	Condition	Outcome	Mean ± SD	Difference	t	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean ± SD	Difference	t	Sig. (2-tailed)	t	Sig. (2-tailed)
Total	Condition 1	Alternating time (%)	28.3 ± 8.6	18.3 ± 6.3	−11.046	0.000**	24.6 ± 8.0	23.2 ± 11.7	−5.321	0.000**	1.355	0.184
	Condition 2	Alternating time (%)	59.9 ± 7.0	18.3 ± 6.3	−11.046	0.000**	43.4 ± 12.8	23.2 ± 11.7	−5.321	0.000**	4.692	0.000**
	Condition 1	Force applied (%)	43.7 ± 8.6	12.9 ± 5.2	−3.774	0.002*	50.6 ± 18.9	16.7 ± 15.4	.731	0.473	−1.357	0.183
	Condition 2	Force applied (%)	52.8 ± 6.0	12.9 ± 5.2	−3.774	0.002*	47.3 ± 17.9	16.7 ± 15.4	.731	0.473	1.193	0.241
10% MVC	Condition 1	Alternating time (%)	27.5 ± 8.3	23.2 ± 15.3	−4.698	0.000**	24.6 ± 10.2	21.8 ± 15.6	−5.282	0.000**	0.944	0.352
	Condition 2	Alternating time (%)	48.7 ± 17.5	23.2 ± 15.3	−4.698	0.000**	44.6 ± 15.1	21.8 ± 15.6	−5.282	0.000**	0.774	0.444
	Condition 1	Force applied (%)	57.7 ± 13.0	11.3 ± 8.0	0.794	0.440	60.8 ± 26.8	16.4 ± 18.3	1.094	0.286	−0.408	0.685
	Condition 2	Force applied (%)	55.0 ± 9.4	11.3 ± 8.0	0.794	0.440	55.1 ± 23.0	16.4 ± 18.3	1.094	0.286	−0.013	0.990
20% MVC	Condition 1	Alternating time (%)	30.2 ± 12.3	12.2 ± 6.4	−3.572	0.003*	22.0 ± 9.3	22.5 ± 16.7	−4.503	0.000**	2.347	0.025*
	Condition 2	Alternating time (%)	39.5 ± 7.2	12.2 ± 6.4	−3.572	0.003*	41.5 ± 16.7	22.5 ± 16.7	−4.503	0.000**	−0.442	0.661
	Condition 1	Force applied (%)	59.7 ± 10.6	13.2 ± 7.9	1.457	0.166	51.8 ± 22.1	21.5 ± 24.4	0.435	0.668	1.306	0.200
	Condition 2	Force applied (%)	54.3 ± 10.2	13.2 ± 7.9	1.457	0.166	48.8 ± 24.2	21.5 ± 24.4	0.435	0.668	0.852	0.400
40% MVC	Condition 1	Alternating time (%)	27.1 ± 13.3	19.4 ± 9.7	−4.078	0.001*	27.3 ± 12.4	25.3 ± 14.8	−3.197	0.004*	−0.041	0.967
	Condition 2	Alternating time (%)	42.7 ± 13.7	19.4 ± 9.7	−4.078	0.001*	44.0 ± 18.9	25.3 ± 14.8	−3.197	0.004*	−0.218	0.829
	Condition 1	Force applied (%)	62.3 ± 9.9	14.2 ± 9.9	4.634	0.000**	39.1 ± 18.0	12.3 ± 13.8	0.314	0.757	4.658	0.000**
	Condition 2	Force applied (%)	49.1 ± 6.1	14.2 ± 9.9	4.634	0.000**	37.9 ± 17.0	12.3 ± 13.8	0.314	0.757	2.527	0.016*

Note: Condition 1 was transfer from the non-dominant to the dominant hand in a healthy subject or from the paretic to the non-paretic hand in a stroke patient; Condition 2 was transfer from the dominant to the non-dominant hand in a healthy subject or from the non-paretic to the paretic hand in a stroke patient
Note: Time was the alternating time for bimanual grip force coordination tasks indicating the transformation of grip force from both hands
Note: Force was the force applied for bimanual grip force coordination tasks indicating the transformation of grip force from both hands
* Significant difference p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001

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ISSN: 1743-0003

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