Transcranial direct current stimulation for promoting motor function in cerebral palsy: a review

Table 3 Summary of study methods and findings for studies targeting the lower limb

	Electrode montage	Intensity	Electrode area	Control	No. sessions	Stimulation duration	Participants	N	Motor training	Summary of findings
Grecco et al., 2014 [23]	Anode dominant M1, Cathode contralateral supraorbital ridge	1 mA	25 cm²	Sham group	1	20 min	Hemiparetic/ diparetic, 4–12 years	10 per group	At rest	↓ sway ↑ walking speed No change cadence
Lazzari et al., 2015 [24]	Anode M1 (laterality not specified), Cathode contralateral supraorbital ridge	1 mA	25 cm²	Sham group	1	20 min	4–12 years (other details not specified)	10 per group	20 min mobility training using VR	↑ sway velocity both groups
Collange Grecco et al., 2015 [10]	Anode M1 contralateral to lower limb with most impairment, Cathode contralateral supraorbital ridge	1 mA	25 cm²	Sham group	10	20 min	Spastic diparetic, 5–10 years	10 per group	20 min VR gait training	↑ walking velocity and cadence ↑ PEDI (mobility)
Duarte et al., 2014 [25]	Anode M1 ipsilateral to dominant limb, or ipsilesional, Cathode contralateral supraorbital ridge	1 mA	25 cm²	Sham group	10	20 min	Spastic hemiparetic/ diparetic, 5–10 years	12 per group	20 min Treadmill training	↑ PBS lower sway for active vs sham post-intervention ↑ PEDI for active group, but no between-group differences
Lazzari et al., 2017 [26]	Anode M1 (laterality not specified), Cathode contralateral supraorbital ridge	1 mA	25 cm²	Sham group	10	20 min	4–12 years (other details not specified)	10 per group	20 min VR mobility training	↑ PBS and TUG ↓ oscillation of centre of pressure

VR Virtual reality, PBS Pediatric balance scale, PEDI Pediatric evaluation disability inventory, TUG Timed up and go

ISSN: 1743-0003