Fig. 3

Determination of multiplayer modes. According to the taxonomies of Jarrassé [7], Konert [59], and Mueller [58], the applied multiplayer mode can be determined based on the task characteristics. The task characteristics and the players’ behavior define the behavioral characteristics of the multiplayer mode. The references of the included studies (black) and feasibility studies (white) are placed at the multiplayer modes applied in the corresponding studies. The full variety of multiplayer modes was not covered by the included studies and therefore needs further investigation