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Table 2 Sensitivity of Musculotendon Complexes to Shoulder Motion at Start and End Points of Propulsion

From: Assessment of a markerless motion analysis system for manual wheelchair application

Muscle

Shoulder Elevation (Start Point)

Shoulder Elevation (End Point)

Shoulder Rotation (Start Point)

Shoulder Rotation (End Point)

Ant Deltoid

0.435*

−0.185

0.243

0.810**

Lat Deltoid

−1.409**

0.039

−0.779**

−0.175

Post Deltoid

−2.038**

0.288

−1.137**

−1.268**

Supraspinatus

0.118

−0.041

0.068

0.183

Infraspinatus

0.466*

−0.025

0.257

0.112

Subscapularis

−0.494*

0.028

−0.273

−0.124

Teres Minor

0.828**

0.038

0.456*

−0.169

Teres Major

1.493**

0.191

0.819**

−0.840**

Pectoralis Major

0.701*

−0.038

0.385

0.169

Latissimus Dorsi

1.369**

0.103

0.751**

−0.453*

Coracobrachialis

1.719**

−0.155

0.952**

0.683*

Triceps-Long

0.372

0.088

0.203

−0.385

Triceps-Medial

−0.287

−0.103

− 0.156

0.454*

Biceps-Long

0.778**

0.029

0.406*

−0.131

Biceps-Short

1.874**

0.008

1.010**

−0.037

Brachialis

0.318

0.077

0.172

−0.341

  1. Values presented as dimensionless sensitivity coefficients with +/− 5% perturbation at the start and end points of propulsion; Shoulder thoracohumeral angles describe the arm position – consistent with the coordinate system used in the musculoskeletal model. The start point represents initial contact of the hand with the pushrim, and end point is the instant when the hand leaves the pushrim
  2. * = Sensitive (coefficient magnitudes > 0.40); ** = Highly sensitive (coefficient magnitudes > 0.75)