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Table 3 Clinical outcome measure results for pre-, mid- and post-training CBT and changes from pre-training CBT for the EG and CG. Average values with standard deviations are shown

From: Effects of long-term balance training with vibrotactile sensory augmentation among community-dwelling healthy older adults: a randomized preliminary study

 

Experimental Group

Control Group

 

Pre

Mid

Post

Mid - Pre

Post - Pre

Pre

Mid

Post

Mid - Pre

Post - Pre

ABC score

90.9 ± 3.5

89.4 ± 6.4

91.3 ± 6.3

−1.5 ± 8.1

0.5 ± 8.7

94.0 ± 3.5

91.8 ± 4.2

93.8 ± 3.2

−2.2 ± 2.8

−0.2 ± 2.4

SOT scorea, b

69.3 ± 11.8

77.0 ± 5.7

81.3 ± 3.9

7.7 ± 7.8

12.0 ± 12.1

67.8 ± 5.1

72.3 ± 12.0

71.0 ± 14.5

4.5 ± 5.5

3.2 ± 5.5

Somatosensory reliance

0.98 ± 0.02

0.98 ± 0.02

0.98 ± 0.02

0.00 ± 0.03

0.01 ± 0.04

0.95 ± 0.02

0.96 ± 0.02

0.95 ± 0.02

0.01 ± 0.03

0.00 ± 0.02

Visual reliance

0.82 ± 0.11

0.86 ± 0.07

0.89 ± 0.03

0.04 ± 0.11

0.07 ± 0.11

0.87 ± 0.05

0.87 ± 0.09

0.88 ± 0.10

0.01 ± 0.06

0.01 ± 0.08

Vestibular reliancea

0.53 ± 0.21

0.63 ± 0.20

0.74 ± 0.06

0.10 ± 0.08

0.21 ± 0.17

0.40 ± 0.28

0.57 ± 0.33

0.56 ± 0.31

0.17 ± 0.23

0.16 ± 0.24

Mini-BESTest28a,b

22.2 ± 2.3

25.5 ± 1.5

25.7 ± 1.5

3.3 ± 2.8

3.5 ± 2.9

23.8 ± 1.7

24.2 ± 1.9

24.2 ± 1.2

0.3 ± 0.8

0.3 ± 2.7

Mini-BESTest32a,b

25.0 ± 2.6

28.7 ± 2.2

29.3 ± 1.9

3.7 ± 3.5

4.3 ± 3.4

26.8 ± 2.0

27.5 ± 2.7

26.5 ± 1.4

0.7 ± 1.6

−0.3 ± 3.2

5xSST duration (s)

13.5 ± 2.7

11.2 ± 2.3

10.7 ± 2.9

−2.4 ± 1.4c

−2.9 ± 1.7c

11.4 ± 3.8

9.9 ± 1.4

10.8 ± 2.2

−1.5 ± 3.9

−0.6 ± 4.7

FSST duration (s)

9.9 ± 2.2

9.4 ± 2.3

9.5 ± 2.1

−0.6 ± 0.6

−0.6 ± 0.5

10.5 ± 1.8

10.8 ± 1.5

10.1 ± 2.2

0.3 ± 1.5

−0.4 ± 1.2

FRT (cm)

35.0 ± 6.1

29.9 ± 5.75

31.9 ± 5.0

−5.1 ± 4.3

−3.0 ± 4.2

31.9 ± 5.2

28.9 ± 3.3

35.0 ± 2.7

−3.0 ± 4.1

3.1 ± 3.8

Normal gait speed (m/s)

1.22 ± 0.08

1.28 ± 0.16

1.27 ± 0.19

0.06 ± 0.17

0.06 ± 0.20

1.29 ± 0.11

1.23 ± 0.14

1.26 ± 0.16

−0.07 ± 0.07

−0.04 ± 0.15

Fast gait speed (m/s)

1.62 ± 0.24

1.70 ± 0.28

1.69 ± 0.29

0.07 ± 0.21

0.06 ± 0.31

1.58 ± 0.11

1.57 ± 0.18

1.54 ± 0.19

−0.01 ± 0.10

−0.04 ± 0.16

TUG duration (s)

10.8 ± 2.1

9.6 ± 1.2

10.5 ± 1.4

−1.1 ± 1.8

−0.3 ± 1.4

10.0 ± 1.3

9.8 ± 1.6

9.8 ± 1.1

−0.2 ± 1.0

−0.2 ± 1.6

TUG-COG duration (s)a

13.3 ± 2.9

11.6 ± 1.6

11.8 ± 2.1

−1.7 ± 1.8

−1.5 ± 1.4

10.9 ± 2.7

11.0 ± 2.3

9.7 ± 1.6

0.2 ± 1.8

−1.1 ± 2.8

  1. Superscripts indicate asignificant main effects, bsignificant interaction effects from the linear mixed model (p < 0.05), and csignificant differences from the group-paired t-tests (p < 0.017)