Fig. 5
From: Surface EMG signals in very late-stage of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a case study
Simulation of the sEMG-controlled elbow orthosis. a Raw sEMG signals used as input for the simulation. Specifically the first (M V I C b 1) and third (M V I C t 3) MVIC attempts of the biceps (blue) and triceps (red). b Envelopes of the raw sEMG signals of the biceps (blue) and triceps (red). c Estimated muscle torque of the biceps (blue) and triceps (red) obtained by multiplying the envelopes multiplying by the mapping gains K b and K t . d Estimated elbow torque calculated by subtracting the estimated triceps torque from the estimated biceps torque (Eq. 5). e Angular velocity resulting from the admittance model (Eq. 6). f Elbow angle displacement resulting from the integral of the angular velocity (Eq. 6)