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Table 2 Stroke Participant Task Performance

From: KAPS (kinematic assessment of passive stretch): a tool to assess elbow flexor and extensor spasticity after stroke using a robotic exoskeleton

 

Cut off percentile

Healthy Control Data

n = 96

No Spasticity n = 17

Flexors Only

n = 13

Extensors Only

n = 3

Both Muscle Groups

n = 13

Inter Rater (ICC)

Clinical Correlations

MAS

MTS

Extension

(%)

Mean (cut off value)

(%)

(%)

(%)

(%)

(r)

 

V1

V2

V3

 Peak Velocity (°/s)

<5

306 (286)

41

77

100

92

0.90

-0.47

−0.33

-0.51

-0.51

 Final Angle (°)

<5

M: 143 (140)

F: 144 (141)

18

54

67

85

0.86

-0.46

−0.34

-0.44

−0.39

 Creep (°)

>95

−0.05 (0.16)

12

54

67

77

0.66

0.55

0.40

0.44

0.45

Difference

           

 Peak Velocity (°/s)

>95

M: 5.4 (33.5)

F: 3.1 (27.5)

47

85

100

92

0.95

0.15

−0.25

0.04

0.09

 Final Angle (°)

<5

0.19 (−1.9)

29

77

100

85

0.91

-0.49

−0.35

-0.49

-0.45

 Creep (°)

>95

M:0.09 (0.26)

F: 0.04 (0.37)

24

62

33

77

0.74

0.59

0.40

0.44

0.45

Flexion

           

 Peak Velocity (°/s)

>95

M: 269 (240)

F: 280 (255)

41

62

100

92

0.87

−0.34

−0.27

−0.38

−0.34

 Final Angle (°)

<5

M: 68 (69)

F: 67 (70)

47

38

100

77

0.84

0.46

0.32

0.53

0.45

 Creep (°)

>95

−0.04 (0.28)

24

85

100

92

0.86

0.62

0.34

0.43

0.57

Difference

           

 Peak Velocity (°/s)

>95

M:-1.5(33.7)

F: −0.9 (30.7)

59

85

100

92

0.88

0.12

0.30

0.17

0.17

 Final Angle (°)

>95

−0.01 (2.06)

18

46

100

54

0.88

0.50

0.32

0.48

0.48

 Creep (°)

>95

0.009 (0.41)

12

62

67

92

0.79

0.64

0.36

0.58

0.55

  1. Abbreviations: M male, F female, ICC Intra-class Correlation, MAS Modified Ashworth Scale, MTS Modified Tardieu Scale, V1–3 reflect the 3 test speeds V1 is slow as possible, V2 is speed of limb falling under gravity, V3 is moving as fast as possible
  2. Difference parameters are the between-arm differences. Italicized values for clinical correlations represent P < 0.004 (Bonferroni corrected, n = 12 tests)