Fig. 3From: The Arm Movement Detection (AMD) test: a fast robotic test of proprioceptive acuity in the armHand force time series for selected participants. a Neurologically intact control participant (NIC). The bolded trial in the NIC plot is the same as shown in Fig. 2. b Hemiparetic Stroke Survivor with intact proprioception (HSS + P). c Hemiparetic Stroke Survivor with impaired proprioception (HSS-P). Each panel depicts the magnitude of force [N] applied to the participant’s hand as a function of time in each 60-s trial. The across-trials mean and standard deviation values of the final force magnitudes are graphically depicted on the far right side of each panel. Insets: Hand path displacements during the last five full cycles of the slowest component of the force perturbation, as measured during the bolded trial in the main panelBack to article page