Locomotor circumvention strategies are altered by stroke: I. Obstacle clearance

Table 1 Participant demographics and clinical assessments

	Age (years)	Time since stroke onset (years)	Side of lesion (R/L)	Gait speed (m/s)	Gait Speed in VE (m/s)	MoCA score (/30)	Trail making test (s)		CMSA (/7)	Cane use (+/−)	ABC (%)	Delay in detection of obstacle (s)
							A	B	Leg,foot			Head-on	NP/R	P/L
S1	46	2.5	R	0.68	0.23	26	26.40	55.18	5,4	+	60.63	1.25	0.74	0.75
S2	54	4	R	0.31	0.26	23	47.80	65.50	3,2	+	71.25	2.39	0.68	0.85
S3	59	3	R	0.42	0.55	27	20.68	37.75	5,3	+	86.88	0.94	0.54	0.58
S4	60	2	L	0.36	0.2	19	37.79	172.00	3,3	+	50.94	0.70	0.53	0.59
S5	51	6	L	0.9	0.66	25	43.19	120.69	4,2	+	48.13	1.41	0.74	0.93
S6	54	2.5	R	1.27	0.67	29	28.89	45.06	5,4	−	83.13	0.78	0.54	0.46
S7	48	2	L	1.15	0.63	23	43.61	85.48	4,4	+	71.25	0.64	0.53	0.52
S8	52	2.75	L	1.36	1.04	25	28.10	49.00	7,6	−	90.31	0.55	0.46	0.46
S9	62	1	R	0.7	0.77	23	55.31	110.00	6,5	−	64.06	1.16	0.67	0.71
S10	66	7	R	1.3	0.93	26	28.91	83.00	6,5	−	89.38	1.31	0.84	0.81
S11	51	5	L	1.09	0.71	22	138.0	210.15	5,4	+	48.75	2.75	2.31	2.11
S12	68	1.5	L	0.73	0.46	21	86.00	296.00	5,4	−	67.50	1.36	0.64	0.71
Stroke (Mean(SD))	56.0 (7.0)	3.3 (1.9)		0.86 (0.38)*	0.59 (0.27)	24.08 (2.79)*	48.72 (33.13)*	100.18 (60.38)			69.34 (15.57)*	1.27 (0.68)	0.77 (0.50)	0.79 (0.44)
Control (Mean(SD))	52.5 (8.3)	−	−	1.49 (0.21)	0.98 (0.14)	28.25 (1.29)	24.57 (5.32)	61.65 (25.00)	−	−	94.47 (5.95)	0.84 (0.14)	0.64 (0.13)	0.63 (0.12)

Included within the table are results from an obstacle motion detection task, where participants were asked to press a button on a joystick (Attack™ 3, Logitech) as soon as they detected motion of one of the obstacles that approached from head-on, 30° left or right. VE: virtual environment, MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, CMSA: Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment scale, ABC: Activities-Specific Balance Confidence scale, NP: non-paretic, P: paretic, R: right, L:left. *Unpaired t-tests, p < 0.05.

ISSN: 1743-0003