The effectiveness of robotic-assisted gait training for paediatric gait disorders: systematic review

Lefmann, Sophie; Russo, Remo; Hillier, Susan

doi:10.1186/s12984-016-0214-x

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Table 3 Summary of studies: outcomes, measures and results

From: The effectiveness of robotic-assisted gait training for paediatric gait disorders: systematic review

Group studies	Outcome of interest	Measure	Component of health
			Body structure/function	Activity and participation	Contextual factors
Druzbicki 2010 [15]	Balance	Parameters of balance using balance platform	Exp 5/14 parameters improved (p < 0.05). Control – 0/14 (NSD)
Druzbicki 2013 [18]	Gait	3D gait		NSD
Smania 2011 [4]	Gait speed Distance Gait Function	10MWT 6MinWT 3D gait WeeFIM		p = 0.008 p = 0.008 NSD NSD
Nikityuk 2016 [20]	Balance	Stabilometry Plantography	Improvements in RAGT plus FES superior to RAGT alone
Brutsch 2011 [14]	Joint motion Engagement in therapy	Biofeedback values Self-designed questionnaire: enjoyment of VR	p < 0.001 Enjoyed DVD most, but led to reduced engagement
Patritti 2010 [5]	Distance Gait speed Standing Walking Gait	6MinWT 10MWT GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E 3D gait		NSD Better with augmented f/b NSD
Schroeder 2014 [19]	Standing Walking Gait speed Distance Self-goals	GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E 10MWT 6MinWT COPM		P < 0.01^a P < 0.01^a NSD NSD P < 0.05
Bayon 2016 [17]	Gait Range of movement	3D gait Trunk rotation &hip flex/ext	‘specific developments’	‘improved’
Borggraefe 2008 [21]	Distance Gait speed Standing Walking	6MinWT 10MWT GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E		55 m to 115 m 0.25 to 0.6 m/s 12.8 to 25.6% 18.1–26.4%
Borggraefe 2010 [25]	Standing Walking	GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E		p−0.001 p < 0.001
Borggraefe 2010 [12]	Adverse events	Number Significance	47 AE in 38 pts Mild−moderate
Borggraefe 2010 [22] (6/12 follow-up)	Standing Walking Gait speed Distance	GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E 10MWT 6MinWT		P < 0.05 P < 0.05 P < 0.05 P < 0.05
Koenig 2008 [16]	Realism of feedback	Questionnaire	‘Satisfactory impression’
Meyer-Heim 2007 [13]	Mobility Gait speed Standing Walking Gait assist Distance	Walk time, walk distance 10MWT GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E FAC 6MinWT		NSD p < 0.001 (inpt) p = 0.01 (outpt) p < 0.05 (inpt) p < 0.01 (in/outpt) NSD	p < 0.05
Meyer-Heim 2009 [23]	Gait speed Standing Walking Gait assist Distance	10MWT GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E FAC 6MinWT		P < 0.01 P = 0.05 NSD NSD	NSD
Schroeder 2014 [11]	Standing Walking	GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E		P < 0.05^a P < 0.05^a
Van Hedel 2015 [24]	Function Gait speed Standing Walking Gait assist Distance	WeeFIM 10MWT GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E FAC 6MinWT		P = 0.003 P = 0.018 NSD NSD NSD	NSD

Exp experimental group, NSD no significant difference between experimental and control group outcomes, 3D gait 3 dimensional gait analysis, 10MWT 10 m walk test, 6MinWT 6 minute walk test, Wee FIM functional independence measure for children, FES functional electric stimulation, VR virtual reality, DVD digital video disc, GMFM 66: D gross motor function measure 66 part D, GMFM 66: E gross motor function measure 66 part E, f/b feedback, COPM Canadian occupational performance measure, flex/ext flexion/extension, AE adverse event, FAC functional ambulation classification, inpt inpatient, outpt outpatient, ^a = minimum clinically important difference

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ISSN: 1743-0003

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