Table 1 Summary of studies, in order of level of evidence, including intervention and participant descriptors

Druzbicki 2010 [15]

II

RCT

CP

GMFCS II-IV

18

6–14

RAGT + PT

20 sessions over 4/52 (45 min duration)

Individual PT only

Druzbicki 2013 [18]

II

RCT

CP: SD GMFCS II and III

52

10–11

RAGT

20 sessions over 4/52 (45 min duration)

Individual PT only

Smania 2011 [4]

II

RCT

CP

GMFCS I-IV

18

E = 13 ± 2.8

C = 12 ± 3.1

RAGT

5 sessions (30 min RAGT and 10 min stretching: 40 min duration) over 2/52

5 × 40 min sessions of exercises over 2/52

Nikityuk 2016 [20]

III2

pre/post test with control

CP (average GMFCS level of III

27

E = 9.0 ± 3.67

C = 9.1 ± 4.84

RAGT + FES

15 sessions (30 min duration) over 3/52

RAGT (no FES), duration same as for E

Brutsch 2011 [14]

III3

Interrupted time series (two schedules)

Neurol (10): CP 5, TBI 2, MM 2, SLE 1.

10

12.47 +/− 2.75

RAGT

1 of 2 schedules of feedback (30–40 min duration)

Crossover

2nd of 2 schedules of feedback (30–40 min duration)

Patritti 2010 [5]

III3

Interrupted time series

ABA vs ACA

CP: D

(GMFCS II x2; III x2)

4

5.5–8

RAGT + augmented feedback

RAGT (no FB)

Schroeder 2014 [19]

III3 Interrupted time series (ABA)

CP (bilateral spastic)

GMFCS I-IV

18

11.5

RAGT (B)

12 sessions (30–60 min duration) over 3/52

Control (A) period before and after usual physio 3/52

Bayon 2016 [17]

IV

Pre/post test

CP (bilateral spastic)

GMFCS II and III

Post-SEMLS (11 & 42 months)

2

12 and 14

RAGT using novel ‘CPWalker’ 10 sessions (60 min duration) over 5/52.

n/a

Borggraefe 2008 [21]

IV

Pre/post test Single case

CP

GMFCS III

1

6

RAGT

12 sessions over 3/52 (mean 34 min duration)

n/a

Borggraefe 2010 [25]

IV

Pre/post test

CP

GMFCS I-IV

20

11.0 ± 5.1

RAGT

12 sessions (50 min duration) over 3/52

n/a

Borggraefe 2010 [12]

IV

Pre/post test

CP (58)

Neurol (20) Orthop (2) Miscel (9)

89

11.4+/−4.5

RAGT

12 sessions over 3/52 (30 min duration)

n/a

Borggraefe 2010 [22] (f/u of [25])

IV

Pre/post test

CP (13)

Spinal paralysis (1)

14

8.2 ± 5.4

RAGT

12 sessions (50 min duration) over 3/52 plus follow-up sessions 2-3p/m over 6/12

n/a

Koenig 2008 [16]

IV

Pre/post test

Descriptive case study

CP - nil further data

15

No data

RAGT

(different VR scenarios with haptic feedback)

n/a

Meyer-Heim 2007 [13]

IV

Pre/post test

CP (19)

TBI/GB etc. (7)

26

10.1+/−4

RAGT

3–20 sessions (45 min duration)

n/a

Meyer-Heim 2009 [23]

IV

Pre/post test

CP (22)

GMFCS II-IV

22

8.6

RAGT

3–5 sessions (45–60 min duration)

n/a

Schroeder 2014 [11]

IV

Pre/post test

CP

GMFCS I-V

83

10.9 ± 6.1

RAGT

12 sessions (30–60 min duration) over 3/52

n/a

van Hedel 2015 [24]

IV

Pre/post test retrospective

CP

GMFCS II-IV

67

11.3 ± 4

RAGT

At least one session

n/a