Table 5 The results of the present and other studies concerning the change in propulsion technique variables resulting from wheelchair practice in able-bodied individuals
From: Effects of variable practice on the motor learning outcomes in manual wheelchair propulsion
Study | Group | Frequency (push/min)a | Contact Angle (degrees)a | Braking Torque (Nm)a | Max Torque (Nm)a | Positive Work (J)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present study | Variable practice | 65.4 → 57.8 (12) | 67 → 77.6 (16) | −1.1 →−0.5 (59) | 12.5 → 11.6 (7) | 9.0 → 9.7 (8) |
Present study | Control | 72.3 → 60.0 (17) | 57.7 → 70.3 (21) | −1.0 →−0.7 (30) | 13.2 → 12.3 (7) | 8.3 → 9.0 (8) |
Vegter et al., 2014 [5] | Fast improvers | 68 → 49 (28) | 61 → 76.2 (25) | x | 12.6 → 13.0 (−3) | 8.3 → 10.8 (31) |
Slow improvers | 67 → 52 (22) | 62.5 → 69.7 (12) | x | 12.0 → 12.8 (−7) | 8.1 → 10.0 (24) | |
De Groot et al., 2008 [6] | x | x | 57.6 → 81.2 (41) | x | x | 12.7 → 22.6 (78) |
x | x | 66.2 → 88.5 (34) | x | x | 23.8 → 36.2 (52) | |
De Groot et al., 2002 [7] | x | 61.0 → 41.7 (32) | x | x | x | 13.9 → 21.6 (56) |
x | 62.8 → 46.4 (26) | x | −5.6 →−2.9 (48) | x | 22.6 → 32.7 (45) | |
Leving et al., 2015 [8] | Feedback | 62.1 → 41.5 (33) | 66.3 → 88 (33) | −0.8 →−0.7 (13) | x | x |
Natural learning | 71.3 → 52.5 (26) | 60 → 77.5 (29) | −0.6 →−0.2 (66) | x | x |