Table 2 The propulsion technique variables. The variables were used to compare the change in propulsion technique between the pre- and the post-test. All variables, except push frequency, were calculated as an average value of all pushes performed during the last minute of each practice block. Modified table from Leving et al. [8]; Equations from Vegter et al. [4]

Push frequency

push/minute

The number of pushes performed during one minute

N_pushes/Δt

Braking torque

Nm

The braking torque applied to the handrim with each push. The sum of braking torque exerted on the handrim during coupling and decoupling of the hand

Σ_{end (i) :start (i + 1)} (Tz · ΔØ)

Contact Angle

degrees (°)

The angle measured along the handrim, where subject’s hand maintained contact with the handrim during each push

Ø_{end (i)}−Ø_{start (i)}

Max Torque

Nm

The maximum torque generated around the wheel axle within a push

Max_{start(i):end(i)} (Tz)

Positive Work

J

The torque around the wheel axle intergrated over the contact angle of the push

Σ_{start (i) :end (i)} (Tz · ΔØ)