Variables | OUT vs AM condition | AM vs SDM condition | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sagittal plane | Frontal plane | Sagittal plane | Frontal plane | |
Angular displacement | • Ankle plantar flexion larger in AM • Hip angular excursion larger in AM | • Hip adduction and angular excursion smaller in AM | • Ankle dorsiflexion and angular excursion larger in SDM • Hip flexion and angular excursion larger in SDM • Knee flexion larger and extension smaller in SDM | • Hip abduction and angular excursion larger in SDM • Knee adduction larger in SDM |
Forces | • Vertical force larger in AM • Braking force smaller in AM | • Lateral force smaller in AM | • Braking force smaller, but propulsive force larger in SDM | |
Moments | • Hip extensor and flexor moments larger in AM | • Hip abduction moment smaller in AM | • Hip flexor moment smaller, but hip extensor moment larger in SDM | |
Impulses | • Braking impulse smaller and propulsive impulse larger in AM • Vertical impulse smaller during early stance, but larger during mid-stance in AM | • Braking impulse smaller, but propulsive impulse larger in SDM | ||
Center of mass displacement | • Center of mass displacement smaller for medio-lateral, anterior-posterior and vertical directions in AM | • Center of mass displacement larger for medio-lateral and anterior-posterior directions in SDM |