From: Advances in selective activation of muscles for non-invasive motor neuroprostheses
Fatigue strategy | Muscle fatigue definition | Fatigue metric | Muscle group | Stimulation strategies & electrodes | Subjects | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Popovic et al. 2009 [63] | 70Â % decrease of max torque | Fatigue Interval | Quadriceps | Synchronous single electrode vs Asynchronous 4 smaller electrodes | 6 complete SCI patients | 150Â % increase of fatigue interval with electrode array |
Malesevic et al. 2010 [58] | 70Â % decrease of max torque | Fatigue Interval | Quadriceps | Synchronous single electrode vs Asynchronous 4 smaller electrodes | 6 complete SCI patients | Synchronous: 31Â % increase of post-therapy muscle fatigue resistance. |
20 daily sessions | Asynchronous: 4Â % increase of post-therapy muscle fatigue resistance. | |||||
Nguyen et al. 2011 [64] | Torque decrease of 3Â dB | Fatigue Index, Fatigue Time, Torque-Time-Interval | Tricep Surae | Synchronous single electrode vs Asynchronous 4 smaller electrodes | 1 complete SCI | Asynchronous stimulation: higher torque values for a longer period of time |
Sayenko et al. 2013 [67] | Torque decrease of 3Â dB | Fatigue Index | Knee flexors/extensors, plantar flexor/dorsiflexor | Synchronous single electrode vs Asynchronous 4 smaller electrodes | 15 able-bodied subjects | Asynchronous stimulation higher fatigue resistant than synchronous |
Sayenko et al. 2014 [65] | They studied muscle contraction properties | Torque-Rise Time, Rate of torque development, Half-Relaxation-Time, Rate of torque relaxation | Tricep Surae, right gastrocnemius | Synchronous single electrode vs Asynchronous 4 smaller electrodes | 15 able-bodied subjects | Amplitude of M-waves depends on the location of the stimulated pad electrodes. Peaks on M-waves on ascending phase of synchronous stimulation are fused as fatigue occurs. |