The dynamics of electric powered wheelchair sideways tips and falls: experimental and computational analysis of impact forces and injury

Table 1 Simulated HIC results for a restrained and unrestrained dummy models and corresponding driving parameter values. HIC values were significantly greater in unrestrained simulations than restrained models. Several unrestrained rider simulations resulted in HIC values exceeded the 1000 threshold (bolded values) that suggests severe head injury may occur

Speed (m/s)	Height (m)	Angle (deg.)	Restrained HIC₁₅	Unrestrained HIC₁₅
0.45	0.2	25	23.082	60.717
0.45	0.2	45	No Tip	No Tip
0.45	0.2	60	No Tip	No Tip
0.45	0.3	25	26.844	60.824
0.45	0.3	45	18.689	134.04
0.45	0.3	60	No Tip	267.21 (Fall)
0.45	0.4	25	49.541	57.534
0.45	0.4	45	21.249	1442.1
0.45	0.4	60	177.64	1155.7 (Fall)
0.89	0.2	25	17.993	65.535
0.89	0.2	45	No Tip	80.763
0.89	0.2	60	No Tip	No Tip
0.89	0.3	25	25.716	102.83
0.89	0.3	45	16.894	441.66
0.89	0.3	60	No Tip	599.77 (Fall)
0.89	0.4	25	30.666	173.71
0.89	0.4	45	22.644	985.8
0.89	0.4	60	No Tip	21.328 (Fall)
1.34	0.2	25	17.539	290.85
1.34	0.2	45	No Tip	No Tip
1.34	0.2	60	No Tip	No Tip
1.34	0.3	25	29.299	354.44
1.34	0.3	45	17.819	1463.2
1.34	0.3	60	No Tip	No Tip
1.34	0.4	25	35.227	2141.7
1.34	0.4	45	20.794	1434.0
1.34	0.4	60	No Tip	555.65 (Fall)

Bolded values are those exceeding the 1000 threshold, which are thought to predict severe head injury

ISSN: 1743-0003