Table 1 Mean and standard deviations (SD) of estimates based on treadmill, overall daily-life, and speed-matched daily-life gait, Wilcoxon’s signed rank test p-values and correlation coefficient r (p-value) between treadmill and daily-life settings

Stride Time (s)

1.09 (0.07)

1.15 (0.11)

1.12 (0.09)

0.009

0.019

0.58 (0.006)

0.80 (<0.001)

Stride Time Variability (s)

0.02 (0.00)

0.07 (0.04)

0.03 (0.01)

<0.001

<0.001

0.09 (0.362)

–0.08 (0.624)

Stride Regularity VT

0.85 (0.07)

0.55 (0.18)

0.68 (0.12)

<0.001

<0.001

0.62 (0.003)

0.26 (0.153)

Stride Regularity ML

0.69 (0.09)

0.40 (0.14)

0.42 (0.12)

<0.001

<0.001

0.56 (0.008)

0.44 (0.033)

Stride Regularity AP

0.78 (0.07)

0.48 (0.16)

0.55 (0.15)

<0.001

<0.001

0.48 (0.021)

0.27 (0.143)

RMS Acceleration VT (ms^-2)

2.32 (0.41)

2.24 (0.82)

2.42 (0.43)

0.640

0.140

0.45 (0.032)

0.80 (<0.001)

RMS Acceleration ML (ms^-2)

1.49 (0.26)

1.31 (0.27)

1.34 (0.21)

0.027

0.030

0.26 (0.146)

0.38 (0.062)

RMS Acceleration AP (ms^-2)

1.45 (0.28)

1.46 (0.36)

1.57 (0.25)

0.829

<0.001

0.73 (<0.001)

0.88 (<0.001)

Acceleration Range VT (ms^-2)

11.75 (2.68)

13.92 (4.00)

13.78 (2.34)

0.054

0.010

0.16 (0.264)

0.31 (0.107)

Acceleration Range ML (ms^-2)

10.25 (2.04)

9.72 (2.39)

10.70 (2.18)

0.498

0.510

–0.06 (0.600)

0.08 (0.381)

Acceleration Range AP (ms^-2)

8.56 (1.97)

10.38 (2.94)

10.94 (1.98)

0.004

<0.001

0.61 (0.004)

0.71 (<0.001)

Gait symmetry (Harmonic Ratio) VT

2.80 (0.56)

1.71 (0.39)

2.14 (0.35)

<0.001

<0.001

0.14 (0.283)

0.20 (0.212)

Gait symmetry (Harmonic Ratio) ML

2.01 (0.41)

1.46 (0.19)

1.57 (0.23)

<0.001

<0.001

0.50 (0.016)

0.50 (0.018)

Gait symmetry (Harmonic Ratio) AP

2.53 (0.48)

1.48 (0.32)

1.79 (0.38)

<0.001

<0.001

0.32 (0.100)

0.11 (0.335)

Local Divergence Exponent Wolf VT (s^-1)

0.83 (0.25)

1.42 (0.32)

1.24 (0.27)

<0.001

<0.001

0.59 (0.005)

0.46 (0.026)

Local Divergence Exponent Wolf ML (s^-1)

1.31 (0.31)

1.73 (0.23)

1.74 (0.19)

<0.001

<0.001

0.51 (0.015)

0.52 (0.013)

Local Divergence Exponent Wolf AP (s^-1)

1.02 (0.23)

1.62 (0.26)

1.51 (0.29)

<0.001

<0.001

0.55 (0.009)

0.44 (0.035)

Local Divergence Exponent Rosenstein VT (s^-1)

0.61 (0.10)

0.76 (0.09)

0.77 (0.10)

<0.001

<0.001

0.28 (0.132)

0.31 (0.108)

Local Divergence Exponent Rosenstein ML (s^-1)

0.57 (0.08)

0.64 (0.07)

0.62 (0.07)

0.008

0.056

0.01 (0.490)

–0.00 (0.504)

Local Divergence Exponent Rosenstein AP (s^-1)

0.54 (0.09)

0.65 (0.06)

0.62 (0.06)

<0.001

<0.001

0.21 (0.201)

0.37 (0.068)

Low frequency percentage VT < 0.7 Hz (%)

0.08 (0.09)

0.22 (0.15)

0.16 (0.11)

<0.001

<0.001

–0.15 (0.722)

–0.15 (0.722)

Low frequency percentage ML < 10 Hz (%)

85.18 (5.96)

86.70 (5.11)

83.67 (6.12)

0.308

0.292

0.39 (0.052)

0.52 (0.013)

Low frequency percentage AP < 0.7 Hz (%)

0.82 (0.38)

4.20 (2.99)

2.63 (1.56)

<0.001

<0.001

0.51 (0.015)

0.12 (0.313)

Gait Smoothness (Index of Harmonicity) VT

0.67 (0.10)

0.59 (0.11)

0.70 (0.09)

0.007

0.188

0.53 (0.013)

0.58 (0.005)

Gait Smoothness (Index of Harmonicity) ML

0.10 (0.09)

0.26 (0.17)

0.22 (0.13)

<0.001

<0.001

0.37 (0.068)

0.52 (0.014)

Gait Smoothness (Index of Harmonicity) AP

0.57 (0.10)

0.55 (0.10)

0.59 (0.07)

0.486

0.286

0.39 (0.057)

0.56 (0.008)

Dominant Frequency’s Amplitude VT

0.82 (0.14)

0.66 (0.14)

0.78 (0.13)

<0.001

0.208

0.65 (0.002)

0.49 (0.019)

Dominant Frequency’s Amplitude ML

0.45 (0.12)

0.38 (0.09)

0.31 (0.07)

0.036

<0.001

0.19 (0.220)

0.44 (0.034)

Dominant Frequency’s Amplitude AP

0.63 (0.13)

0.49 (0.10)

0.53 (0.12)

0.002

0.015

0.20 (0.210)

0.24 (0.173)

Sample Entropy VT

0.26 (0.05)

0.24 (0.03)

0.23 (0.04)

0.092

0.029

–0.09 (0.631)

0.24 (0.172)

Sample Entropy ML

0.40 (0.07)

0.35 (0.04)

0.37 (0.05)

0.025

0.108

–0.00 (0.505)

0.07 (0.392)

Sample Entropy AP

0.29 (0.08)

0.25 (0.05)

0.24 (0.05)

0.027

0.003

0.61 (0.003)

0.66 (0.001)