Fig. 5

Muscle activation patterns. Muscle activation patterns of tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), peroneus longus (PL), rectus femoris (RF) and lateral hamstring (LH), left and right side. Patterns with 1 to 4 activation intervals within the gait cycle are represented (only the patterns occurring in at least 10 % of the gait cycles are depicted). The percentage frequency of occurrence of each pattern is reported on the right-hand side of each plot. For each pattern of activation, the upper bar represents the “walking” single-task, while the lower bar the “walking and texting” double-task. Horizontal bars are grey-level coded in order to portray the number of subjects whose muscle was active at a specific percent of the gait cycle. Black: all the subjects activated the muscle, white: none of the subjects activated the muscle. The gait phases are delimited by vertical lines (blue: walking; red: walking and texting). The only statistically signicant difference between conditions was emphasised with an ellipse