Authors | Exoskeleton | Use of the exoskeleton | Participants | Walking outcome measures | Training period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aach et al. (2014) [13] | HAL | Training tool | 8 (AIS A to D, T8 to L2) | 6MWT, 10MWT, TUG | 5d/wk for 90Â days, 90Â min per session |
Arazpour et al. (2013) [14] | Custom powered IRGO | Assistive device | 5 (AIS A/B, T6 to T12) | Gait speed, distance | 3d/wk for 8Â weeks, 2Â h per session |
Benson et al. (2015) [15] | ReWalk | Assistive device/Training Tool | 5 (AIS A/C), C7 to L1 | 6MWT, 10MWT, TUG | 2d/wk for 10Â weeks, 2Â h per session |
Esquenazi et al. (2012) [16] | ReWalk | Assistive device | 12 (AIS A/B, T3 to T12) | 6MWT, 10MWT | 3d/wk for 8 weeks, 75–90 min per session |
Evans et al. (2015) [17] | Indego | Assistive device | 5 (AIS A, T6 to T12) | 6MWT (self-selected pace, fast pace) | At least 5 sessions |
Farris et al. (2014) [18] | Indego | Assistive device | 1 (AIS A, T10) | 6MWT, 10MWT, TUG | 20 sessions in one year |
Fineberg et al. (2013) [19] | ReWalk | Assistive device | 6 (AIS A/B, T1 to T11) | Gait speed | 3d/wk for up to 6 months, 1–2 h per session |
Hartigan et al. (2015) [20] | Indego | Assistive device | 16 (AIS A to C, C5 to L1) | 6MWT, 10MWT | 5 sessions, 90Â min per session |
Kolakowsky-Hayner et al. (2013) [21] | Ekso | Assistive device | 7 (AIS A, T4 to T12) | Walking distance, time | 6d/wk for 1Â week, up to 60Â min per session |
Kozlowski et al. (2015) [22] | Ekso | Assistive Device | 7 (AIS A to C, C4 to L1) | 2MWT, longest walk | Up to 24 sessions, up to 2Â h per session |
Kressler et al. (2013) [23] | Ekso | Assistive device | 3 (AIS A, T1/2 to T9/10) | Gait speed, distance | 3d/wk for 6Â weeks, 60Â min per session |
Neuhaus et al. (2011) [24] | Mina | Assistive device | 2 (AIS A, T10 and T12) | Gait speed | 9 sessions |
Tanabe et al. (2013) [25] | WPAL | Assistive device | 7 (AIS A/B, T6 to T12) | Walking distance, time | 2–11 sessions, 60 min per session |
Yang et al. (2015) [26] | ReWalk | Assistive Device | 12 (AIS A to C, C8 to T11) | 6MWT, 10MWT | Up to 102 sessions, 1–2 h per session |
Zeilig et al. (2012) [27] | ReWalk | Assistive device | 6 (AIS A/B, T5 to T12) | 6MWT, 10MWT, TUG | Until able to walk 100Â m unassisted |