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Table 6 Confusion matrices for the recognition of the activities along with the corresponding validation metrics for the five classifiers expressed in percent

From: Improving activity recognition using a wearable barometric pressure sensor in mobility-impaired stroke patients

  

Classification

      
  

Lying

Sitting

Standing

Walking

SEN

SPE

PPV

NPV

F-score

CCR

  

H-FIS

Reference

Lying

1022

37

2.8

12.2

95.2

99.7

94.5

99.8 %

94.8 (96.9 ± 5.0)

90.4 (91.4 ± 6.6)

Sitting

37.3

11975

737.1

286.1

91.9

95.5

96.0

90.8 %

93.9 (95.7 ± 8.4)

Standing

22.2

245.3

2066

228.9

80.6

94.3

62.7

97.6 %

70.5 (71.4 ± 11.3)

Walking

0

211

490.9

6667.5

90.5

96.8

92.7

95.8 %

91.6 (91.0 ± 6.0)

  

FIS-IMUBP

Reference

Lying

1022

21.1

17.1

13.8

95.2

99.7

94.5

99.8 %

94.8 (96.9 ± 5.0)

89.4 (89.8 ± 5.9)

Sitting

37.3

11729.9

940.9

327.4

90.0

95.4

95.9

88.9 %

92.8 (93.6 ± 7.0)

Standing

22.2

249.8

2060.6

229.8

80.4

93.4

59.2

97.6 %

68.2 (68.2 ± 14.7)

Walking

0

230.1

461.7

6677.6

90.6

96.6

92.1

95.9 %

91.4 (91.0 ± 6.0)

  

Event-FIS

Reference

Lying

1022

33.4

4.8

13.8

95.2

99.7

94.5

99.8 %

94.8 (96.9 ± 5.0)

81.9 (84.4 ± 12.0)

Sitting

37.3

9829.6

2841.2

327.4

75.4

96.9

96.7

76.9 %

84.7 (86.4 ± 29.5)

Standing

22.2

139.3

2171.1

229.8

84.7

84.3

39.2

97.9 %

53.6 (65.8 ± 36.7)

Walking

0

167.9

523.9

6677.6

90.6

96.6

92.1

95.9 %

91.4 (91.0 ± 6.0)

  

FIS-IMU

Reference

Lying

1022

6.1

32.1

13.8

95.2

99.7

94.5

99.8 %

94.8 (96.9 ± 5.0)

87.1 (86.8 ± 6.2)

Sitting

37.3

11231.1

1439.7

327.4

86.2

95.4

95.7

85.3 %

90.7 (90.2 ± 8.0)

Standing

22.2

301.7

2008.7

229.8

78.4

90.9

50.6

97.2 %

61.5 (62.4 ± 23.0)

Walking

0

201.9

489.9

6677.6

90.6

96.6

92.1

95.9 %

91.4 (91.0 ± 6.0)

  

EPOCH

Reference

Lying

892

120

28

24

83.8

99.3

84.5

99.3 %

84.2 (90.7 ± 12.4)

84.8 (84.0 ± 5.4)

Sitting

124

11980

608

484

90.8

83.1

86.5

88.3 %

88.6 (88.3 ± 10.6)

Standing

40

1264

908

348

35.5

96.3

53.0

92.7 %

42.5 (39.6 ± 15.9)

Walking

0

484

168

6752

91.2

94.9

88.7

96.1 %

90.0 (91.3 ± 6.0)

  1. Each confusion matrix is expressed in seconds
  2. For the CCR and the F-score, the median and interquartile range are provided (computed across patients)
  3. SEN Sensitivity, SPE Specificity, PPV Positive Predictive Value, NPV Negative Predictive Value, CCR Correct Classification Rate