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Table 2 Statistical results of repeated measures ANOVA

From: Effects of handrail hold and light touch on energetics, step parameters, and neuromuscular activity during walking after stroke

 

Main effects of condition

TOUCH vs NORM

HOLD vs NORM

 

df

F

p

η 2 p a

F

pb

η 2 p a

F

pb

η 2 p a

Energy cost

2.00

8.35

.001

.323

.09

1.000

.006

8.46

.023*

.377

Spatiotemporal step parameters

          

   Stride time

1.09

17.38

.001*

.581

.54

.953

.037

19.54

.001*

.583

   Stride time SD

1.03

0.91

.358

.075

.92

.708

.062

0.93

.705

.062

   Stride time asymmetry

1.12

3.54

.075

.175

1.47

.490

.095

3.81

.142

.214

   Stride length

1.17

35.13

.000*

.723

.82

.761

.055

40.53

.000*

.743

   Stride length SD

1.04

1.46

.248

.100

1.36

.526

.089

1.59

.457

.102

   Stride length asymmetry

1.42

7.32

.008*

.359

3.57

.160

.203

9.69

.015*

.409

   Step width

2.00

32.18

.000*

.652

7.13

.037*

.337

52.17

.000*

.788

   Step width SD

2.00

18.89

.000*

.551

.74

.805

.051

23.96

.000*

.631

Muscle activation parameters

          

   RMS mode 1

2.00

30.44

.000*

.685

1.37

.523

.089

68.87

.000*

.831

   RMS mode 2

2.00

18.77

.000*

.573

1.62

.447

.104

18.44

.001*

.568

   RMS mode 3

1.41

34.71

.000*

.713

1.65

.440

.105

42.97

.000*

.754

   Relative phase variancec

2

6.41

.005*

.288

.84

0.75

.056

5.88

.059

.296

   CAI GM_TA paretic

1.17

7.96

.011*

.399

.00

1.000

.000

8.93

.023*

.427

   CAI TA_PL paretic

1.14

.54

.497

.043

.10

1.000

.008

.57

.927

.046

   CAI RF_ST paretic

2

1.03

.373

.079

2.06

.354

.146

.11

1.000

.009

   CAI GM_TA nonparetic

2

51.95

.000*

.812

.69

.846

.054

64.88

.000*

.844

   CAI TA_PL nonparetic

2

6.46

.006*

.350

.41

1.000

.033

8.58

.025*

.417

   CAI RF_ST nonparetic

2

1.82

.183

.132

2.02

.361

.144

2.48

.282

.171

  1. a = estimate of effect size, partial eta squared; b p-value corrected for multiple comparisons using Bonferoni correction. c = calculated using EMG normalized to unit variance over conditions, instead of normalized to NORM trial as reference