From: Evaluation of head orientation and neck muscle EMG signals as three-dimensional command sources
DR 1,2 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Performance | Command source | ANOVA | Fixed effects, p | |||
Measure | Head Or. | EMG | Joystick | p | HdOr. | Joystick |
Throughput (bits/s) | 0.49 ± 0.11 | 0.47 ± 0.18 | 0.51 ± 0.13 | 0.247 | 0.391 | 0.094 |
Path Efficiency | 0.54 ± 0.11 | 0.53 ± 0.19 | 0.59 ± 0.14 | 0.039 | 0.571 | 0.021 |
Overshoot | 0.84 ± 0.34 | 1.14 ± 0.40 | 1.39 ± 0.57 | 0 | 0.000 | 0.003 |
Reaction Time (s) | 0.77 ± 0.48 | 0.81 ± 0.39 | 0.84 ± 0.57 | 0.687 | 0.543 | 0.739 |
Average Speed (m/s) | 1.01 ± 0.09 | 0.96 ± 0.11 | 0.97 ± 0.09 | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.561 |
DR 1,3 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Performance | Command source | ANOVA | Fixed effects, p | |||
Measure | Head Or. | EMG | Joystick | p | HdOr. | Joystick |
Throughput (bits/s) | 0.34 ± 0.09 | 0.30 ± 0.12 | 0.36 ± 0.08 | 0.001 | 0.040 | 0.001 |
Path Efficiency | 0.39 ± 0.09 | 0.38 ± 0.14 | 0.45 ± 0.10 | 4e-04 | 0.473 | 0.001 |
Overshoot | 1.24 ± 0.52 | 1.38 ± 0.46 | 1.36 ± 0.66 | 0.262 | 0.087 | 0.814 |
Reaction Time (s) | 0.73 ± 0.53 | 0.85 ± 0.38 | 0.82 ± 0.58 | 0.333 | 0.111 | 0.729 |
Average Speed (m/s) | 0.98 ± 0.08 | 0.96 ± 0.15 | 0.94 ± 0.10 | 0.111 | 0.194 | 0.341 |
DR 2,3 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Performance | Command source | ANOVA | Fixed effects, p | |||
Measure | Head Or. | EMG | Joystick | p | HdOr. | Joystick |
Throughput (bits/s) | 0.69 ± 0.11 | 0.64 ± 0.16 | 0.70 ± 0.10 | 0.002 | 0.026 | 0.003 |
Path Efficiency | 0.72 ± 0.11 | 0.71 ± 0.20 | 0.76 ± 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.744 | 0.050 |
Overshoot | 1.48 ± 0.46 | 1.21 ± 0.45 | 0.98 ± 0.30 | 0 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Reaction Time (s) | 0.95 ± 0.40 | 1.05 ± 0.39 | 0.98 ± 0.41 | 0.208 | 0.082 | 0.244 |
Average Speed (m/s) | 0.98 ± 0.09 | 1.00 ± 0.08 | 0.97 ± 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.053 | 0.009 |