Table 2 Effects of muscle fatigue on gait characteristics under single and dual-task conditions in young and older adults

Gait velocity under ST condition (cm/s)

126.3 ± 16.6

121.8 ± 14.7

125.9 ± 17.1

124.2 ± 14.9

127.7 ± 13.7

125.5 ± 14.0

Gait velocity under DT condition (cm/s)

113.8 ± 15.5

110.9 ± 15.9

113.9 ± 15.0

106.2 ± 18.4

116.5 ± 18.7

116.6 ± 19.0

DT costs in gait velocity (%)

9.6 ± 8.4

9.1 ± 5.9

9.3 ± 5.8

14.1 ± 11.4

8.7 ± 10.9

7.5 ± 8.2

Stride length under ST condition (cm)

136.6 ± 15.8

132.6 ± 13.2

135.9 ± 14.4

138.6 ± 9.9

139.3 ± 9.9

138.3 ± 9.1

Stride length under DT conditions (cm)

129.9 ± 13.8

126.9 ± 14.9

129.5 ± 12.9

128.2 ± 11.7

133.8 ± 13.1

132.8 ± 12.5

DT costs in stride length (%)

4.7 ± 4.6

4.4 ± 3.6

4.6 ± 3.2

7.2 ± 5.9

4.0 ± 6.7

4.1 ± 4.8

Stride length variability under ST condition (cm)

1.7 ± 0.9

1.9 ± 0.8

1.2 ± 0.4

2.0 ± 0.7

1.9 ± 1.0

1.8 ± 0.9

Stride length variability under DT conditions (cm)

1.9 ± 0.8

2.0 ± 0.4

1.9 ± 0.7

4.0 ± 2.8

2.0 ± 1.0

2.6 ± 0.9

DT costs in stride length variability (%)

-50.3 ± 95.9

-24.8 ± 71.8

-76.6 ± 109.7

-116.0 ± 177.1

-58.2 ± 145.1

-66.6 ± 87.1

Performance in the CI task during walking (number of correct subtractions)

6.1 ± 1.5

7.6 ± 1.4

7.4 ± 1.8

5.1 ± 2.0

6.0 ± 1.7

5.9 ± 1.5