From: New method of measuring wrist joint position sense avoiding cutaneous and visual inputs
Active
Passive
P value
Constant
3.7° ± 5.1°
-0.7° ± 4.7°
< 0.001
Absolute
5.9° ± 3.5°
-4.9° ± 2.9°
0.0084
Variable
4.6°
4.2°
0.172