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Table 2 Parameter baselines, increments, and ranges used for the sensitivity analysis.

From: Mathematical models use varying parameter strategies to represent paralyzed muscle force properties: a sensitivity analysis

Model

Parameter

Range

Baseline ± Increment

Previously Reported Values

    

Human

Animal

2nd Order Linear

β (Ns)

15 – 60

30 ± 5

0.05 – 0.5A

0.10 – 0.62B

 

ωn(rad/s)

7 – 25

13 ± 2

12.6 – 18.8A

12.6 – 50.3B

 

ζ (-)

0.4 – 1.3

0.7 ± 0.1

0.6 – 1.0A

1.0 – 2.0B

2nd Order Nonlinear

B (N)

375 – 1050

600 ± 75

-

9.0 – 46C

 

a (s-1)

10 – 28

16 ± 2

-

9.4 – 40C

 

b0 (s-1)

6 – 24

12 ± 2

-

11 – 40C

 

b1 (-)

-0.8 – 0.8

-0.2 ± 0.2

-

0.4 – 0.95C

 

n (-)

1 – 10

4 ± 1

-

3.2 – 4.0C

 

k (-)

0.1 – 1.0

0.4 ± 0.1

-

0.78 – 1.0C

Hill-Huxley Nonlinear

A (N/ms)

5 – 14

8 ± 1

3 – 5 D

- †

 

Ï„1(ms)

5 – 95

35 ± 10

42 – 51 D

-

 

Ï„2(ms)

30 – 165

75 ± 15

NA – 124‡ D

-

 

Ï„c (ms)

5 – 50

20 ± 5

20* D

-

 

km (-)

0.025 – 0.25

0.1 ± 0.025

0.1 – 0.3‡ D

-

 

R0 (-)

1 –10

4 ± 1

1.14* – 2* D

-

  1. A Approximate values of submaximally-activated human soleus muscle when positioned ~ neutral ankle dorsiflexion [25].
  2. B Approximate values of maximally activated cat soleus muscle [40].
  3. C Range of reported values for maximally activated cat soleus and plantaris muscle[20].
  4. D Values for submaximally-activated human quadriceps muscle in the non-fatigued state. [29, 31, 42]
  5. † The original Hill Huxley model parameters are too different for direct comparisons [27]
  6. * Parameter values preset at constant values.
  7. ‡ Only one representative single subject value available.
  8. NA No reported values available in 2 of the 3 studies.