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Table 3 Mean Force Equivalents (Newtons, N) and Mean Head Accelerations at Time of Maximal EMG in Direction of Travel for Right Anterolateral Impact.

From: Analysis of right anterolateral impacts: the effect of head rotation on the cervical muscle whiplash response

 

Force Equivalents for Muscle (N)

  

Sternocleidomastoid

Splenius Capitis

Trapezius

Sled Acceleration (m/s2)

Head Acceleration (m/s2)

Left

Right

Left

Right

Left

Right

Right Head Rotation

       

4.0

3.6 (0.8)

9 (4)

3 (2)

19 (7)

19 (8)

11 (4)

18 (6)

7.6

6.1 (1.0)

10 (5)

5 (2)

21 (14)

22 (10)

18 (7)

21 (10)

10.7

8.0 (1.1)

11 (6)

6 (2)

23 (10)

26 (9)

21 (5)

27 (11)

13.0

9.7 (1.4)

12 (7)

7 (5)

26 (10)

18 (16)

23 (9)

28 (11)

Left Head Rotation

       

4.0

4.3 (0.7)

4 (2)

7 (5)

19 (13)

11 (6)

17 (6)

10 (4)

7.6

7.7 (1.3)

4 (3)

10 (6)

29 (13)

12 (8)

22 (7)

11 (6)

10.7

10.0 (1.3)

5 (4)

11 (8)

33 (19)

17 (7)

29 (10)

12 (6)

13.0

11.7 (1.8)

6 (5)

13 (7)

34 (17)

19 (8)

35 (14)

13 (6)

  1. Values in parentheses represent one standard deviation.